Test 1- QM REVIEW

Question 1

Population Def

Answer 1

Everyone/Everything that is being studied

Question 2

Sample def + types (5)

Answer 2

Portion of the population from which we are actually collecting data from
- Simple random sampling
- Systematic sampling
- Convenience sampling
- Cluster sample
- Stratified sample

Question 3

Quantitative vs Qualitative

Answer 3

Quantitative: values representing counts or measures
Qualitative: values that can not be placed into numerical categories

Question 4

Discrete vs Continuous

Answer 4

Discrete: Can take on only particular values and not values in between
Continuous: Can take on value in a given interval (decimals)

Question 5

Types of Data (4)

Answer 5

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

Question 6

Nominal vs Ordinal level of measurements

Answer 6

Nominal: Qualitative data that consists of names, label, categories
Ordinal: Quantitative data that can be arranged in some order (ie. preferences)

Question 7

Interval vs Ratio level of measurements

Answer 7

Interval: Quantitative data in which intervals are meaningful
- No true 0
- ie.: temperature, time on clock
Ratio: Quantitative data in which both intervals and ratios are meaningful
- There is a true 0
- ie.: minutes taken to do a task,
age; 4yrs is 2x as old as 2 yrs

Question 8

Describing data/statistics (2)

Answer 8

1. Graphically
2. Numerically

Question 9

Describing stats graphically

Answer 9

• Bar graphs
• Pie charts
• Histograms
• Frequency table
• Charts
• Box-plot
• Stem and leaf plots

Question 10

Describing stats numerically

Answer 10

• Mean
• Median
• Mode
• Quartiles
• Five-number summary
• Standard deviation

Question 11

Correlation + Types (4)

Answer 11

Exists btw 2 variables when changing values in one variable consistently occur with changing values in the other
Calculated by 1. Making a scatterplot
2. Calculating the
correlation coefficient
1. Positive: Values of x and y both increases
2. Negative: y decreases, x increases
3. No correlation: completely scattered
4. Non-linear: x and y appear to be related, but results do not correspond to a straight line
Strength: Weak, Strong, Perfect

Question 12

Causality

Answer 12

can only be found if you have 2 quantitative variables that are found to be correlated
To find Causality we find the dependent and independent variable

Question 13

Independent vs Dependent variable

Answer 13

Independent: Explanatory, variable that Causes
Dependent: Response, variable that Reacts