Test 1 Quizzes Flashcards

Question

What body region

Answer 1

Antecubital

Answer 2

Antebrachial

Answer 3

Metacarpal

Answer 4

Femoral (know both pics)

Answer 5

Crural Know both pictures

Answer 6

Metatarsal

Answer 7

Otic Ear - Otiscope

Answer 8

Ocular Binocular

Answer 9

Mental 🤔

Answer 10

Sagittal plane Midsagittal plane midline

Answer 11

Frontal plane splitting the body in front and back parts

Answer 12

Transverse Transversing/walking across it

Answer 13

Mediastinum Is inbetween the pleural cavity houses the pericardial cavity

Answer 14

Visceral layer On the organ Has a vice grip of the organ

Answer 15

Serous fluid Cavity

Answer 16

Parietal layer the one on the other side of the fluid space

Answer 17

Organs surrounded by visceral peritoneum

Answer 18

Organs behind the peritoneum

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 20

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 21

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 22

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 23

Goblet cell

Answer 24

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 25

Goblet cell

Answer 26

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 27

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 28

Transitional epithelium

Answer 29

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 30

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 31

Elastic fiber

Answer 32

Collagen fiber

Answer 33

Adipose tissue

Answer 34

Reticular connectivve tissue

Answer 35

Mostly reticular cells (fibroblasts) from leukocytes (white blood cells); but hard to distinguish them here

Answer 36

Reticular fiber

Answer 37

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 38

Collagen fibers

Answer 39

Indicated by nucleus Fibroblast

Answer 40

Dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 41

Indicated by nucleus Fibroblast

Answer 42

Collagen fibers

Answer 43

Elastic connective tissue

Answer 44

Elastic fibers

Answer 45

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 46

Chondrocyte (in lacuna)

Answer 47

Extracellular matrix

Answer 48

Elastic cartilage

Answer 49

Chondrocyte (in lacuna)

Answer 50

Elastic fibers

Answer 51

Fibrocartilage

Answer 52

Chondrocyte (in lacuna)

Answer 53

Compact bone

Answer 54

Osteocyte (in lacuna)

Answer 55

Calcified extracellular matrix

Answer 56

Erythrocyte (Red blood cell)

Answer 57

Leukocyte (white blood cell)

Answer 58

Skeletal muscle

Answer 59

Cardiac muscle

Answer 60

Intercalated disk

Answer 61

Smooth muscle

Answer 62

Nervous tissue

Answer 63

Neuron (nerve cell)

Answer 64

Glial cells (neuroglia)

Answer 65

Tight junctions

Answer 66

Desmosomes

Answer 67

Gap junctions

Answer 68

Secretions released via a duct or tube; empties onto apical surface Range from 1 cell (e.g., goblet cell) to multicellular

Answer 69

Ductless glands Secrete hormones (by exocytosis) Secretions released by directly into blood or fluids

Answer 70

Where a gland packages up secretion into a membrane bound sac, walling it off from everything else. Cell then uses energy to move it to the wall of the cell. The sac then murges with the wall of the cell since its made out of the same material. The secretion is now outside of the cell.

Answer 71

Ventral Towards the front --The parms are on the anterior side of the body --The esophagus is anterior to the spinal cord

Answer 72

Dorsal Towards the back --The occipital bone is on the posterior cranium (skull) --The spinal cord is posterior to the esophagus

Answer 73

Cranial Towards the head —The nose is superior to the mouth —the neck is superior to the chest

Answer 74

Caudal Towards the tail —The nose is inferior to the forehead —The umbilicus (belly button) is inferior to the chest

Answer 75

Closer to the point of origin (generally the trunk) —The knee is proximal to the ankle —The shoulder is proximal to the elbow

Answer 76

Further away from the point of origin (generally the trunk) —The foot is distal to the hip —The wrist is distal to the elbow

Answer 77

Closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side —The ear is medial to the shoulder —The index finger is medial to the thumb

Answer 78

Farther away from the midline of the body or body part; on the outer side of —The shoulder is lateral to the chest —The thumb is lateral to the index finger

Answer 79

Closer to the surface —The skin is superficial to the muscle —Muscle is superficial to the bone

Answer 80

Farther below the surface —Bone is deep to the skin —Bone is deep to muscle

Answer 81

study of internal and external structures of organisms and relationships among body parts --literally means “cutting open” --Divided into: ----Gross anatomy (macroscopic) big ----Microscopic

Answer 82

Study of function of organisms --interrelated with anatomy ----anatomy gives clues about function ----physiology is explained in terms of anatomy

Answer 83

Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Organism level

Answer 84

atoms = smallest units of matter molecules = combining ions of 2 or more atoms

Answer 85

smallest living units of the body --formed by a lot of molecules

Answer 86

tissues = group of similar cells working together to perform functions --4 major cell categories in animals ----epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

Answer 87

functional units of the body made up of more than one tissue type --heart, lungs, brain, teeth

Answer 88

association/group of organs that performs functions --integumentary, nervous, endocrine

Answer 89

Composed of 1 or more cells Uses materials and energy from environment (metabolism) --Catabolism (breaking things down) --Anabolism (putting things together) Maintain internal constancy through homeostasis Respond to stimuli Movement (of parts or substances) Grow (growth by cell division in multicellular organisms) Reproduce

Answer 90

Breaking things down -- cats like to break things

Answer 91

Putting things together. Opposite of Catabolism

Answer 92

= process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant, despite what external conditions are Internal conditions maintained so chemical reactions (metabolism) can occur fast enough for the organism to stay alive

Answer 93

Changing the direction in which the body was headed, change in a variable causes a response that counteracts that change --Hypothalamus coordinates much of the negative feedback in the body ----Monitors BP, O2 level, body temp, salt concentration in body fluids

Answer 94

When change in a variable causes a response that reinforces or amplifies the change --only a few biological examples --blood clotting; uterine contractions during childbirth

Answer 95

Hair, Skin, Nails Protects the body from external environment Produces vitamin D Retains water Regulates body temp

Answer 96

Bones, Joints Supports the body Protects internal organs Provides leverage for movement produces blood cells stores calcium salts

Answer 97

Skeletal muscles Produces movement Controls body openings Generates heat

Answer 98

Brain, spinal cord, nerves Regulates body fuctions Provides sensation, movement, automatic functions and higher mental functions via nerve impulses

Answer 99

Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus gland, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Ovaries (female), Testes (male) Regulates body functions Regulates the functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called homones

Answer 100

Blood vessels, Heart Pumps and delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues Removes wastes from the tissues Transports cells, nutrients, and other substances

Answer 101

Tonsils, Lymph nodes, Thymus, Spleen, Lymphatic vessels Returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system provides immunity (protection against disease)

Answer 102

Mouth, Salivary glands, Esophagus, Liver, Stomach, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Large intestine, Small intestine Digests food Absorbs nutrients into the blood Removes food waste Maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Answer 103

Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs Delivers oxygen to the blood Removes carbon dioxide from the body Maintains the acid-base balance of the blood

Answer 104

Kidneys, ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra Removes metabolic wastes from the blood Maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance Stimulates blood cell production

Answer 105

Prostate gland, Doctus deferens, Testis, Penis Produces and transports sperm Secretes hormones Sexual function

Answer 106

Mammary glands, Uterine tube, Ovary, Uterus, Vagina Produces and transports oocytes (eggs) Site of fetal development, fetal nourishment, childbirth, and lactation Secretes hormones Sexual function

Answer 107

Product released from secretory vesicles by exocytosis Produced by majority of exocrine glands Examples - Sweat (merocrine and apocrine sweat glands) common in skin around the body; common on palms and soles - Saliva (from salivary glands) - Mucus in digestive and respiratory tracts - Milk from mammary glands **also involves some apocrine secretion**

Answer 108

Involves shedding some cytoplasm and secretory vesicles Gland cell grows and repairs before more releases Examples - Observed in lipid droplet secretion in lactating mammary glands of many mammals

Answer 109

Entire gland cell packed with secretory vesicles Cell bursts - Releases secretion - Kills cell Cells replaced by stem cells Example - Secretions of sebaceous glands (oil glands) *Produced by oily secretion (sebum) to coat skin and hair

Answer 110

Cell-adhesion molecules Help cells stick to each other and to hold them in place in the matrix; Bind membrane proteins to protoglycans and protein fibers in matrix

Answer 111

Hypodermis

Answer 112

Stratum corneum

Answer 113

Stratum lucidum

Answer 114

Stratum granulosum

Answer 115

Stratum spinosum

Answer 116

Stratum basale

Answer 117

Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscle

Answer 118

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

Answer 119

Bare nerve endings (sensory)

Answer 120

Nerve endings (motor)

Answer 121

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 122

Capillaries

Answer 123

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat gland

Answer 124

Apocrine sweat gland

Answer 125

Sebaceous gland (oil gland)

Answer 126

Hair follicle

Answer 127

Hair shaft (of hair)

Answer 128

Hair bulb (of hair follicle)

Answer 129

Connective tissue sheath (of follicle) (AKA dermal root sheath)

Answer 130

Glassy membrane (of follicle); basement membrane; separates external root sheath from dermal root sheath

Answer 131

External root sheath (of follicle) (outer layer of epithelial root sheath)

Answer 132

Internal root sheath (of follicle) (inner layer of epithelial root sheath)

Answer 133

Cuticle (of hair)

Answer 134

Cortex (of hair)

Answer 135

Medulla (of hair)

Answer 136

Hair papilla (provides nutrients to dividing hair matrix cells)

Answer 137

Hair root nerve plexus (senses movement of hair)

Answer 138

Stratum corneum

Answer 139

Stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin)

Answer 140

Stratum granulosum

Answer 141

Stratum spinosum

Answer 142

Stratum basale

Answer 143

Melanocyte

Answer 144

Merkel cell

Answer 145

Papillary layer (of dermis)

Answer 146

Reticular layer (of dermis)

Answer 147

Composed of skin, hair, nails, various glands

Answer 148

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 149

Connective tissue (adipose, areolar, dense irregular)

Answer 150

AKA Stratum germinativum Deepest layer of epidermis Important cells: - Basal cells -- stem cells - Merkel cells -- sensitive to touch - Melanocytes -- synthesize melanin

Answer 151

Flat dead cells filled with keratin Found ONLY in thick skin Layer is translucent - lucidum means "light"

Answer 152

15-30 cell layers thick (thicker in thick skin) Cells flattened and dead (filled with keratin) - Called keratinized cells (cornified or horny cells) Cells tightly connected by desmosomes - Often shed in groups or sheets

Answer 153

4-6 layers thick of keratinocytes Cells have stopped dividing Cells flatten out Nuclei and other organelles degenerate Accumulate granules - 1 type of granules helps form keratin (from pre-keratin) in superficial layers - First step in keratinization Cells connected by desmosomes and tight junctions

Answer 154

Several layers of keratinocytes (prickle cells) - Connected by many desmosomes attached to protein fibers of cytoskeleton (look spiky) Cells filled with pre-keratin filaments and melanin granules Also contains dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)

Answer 155

Lines body cavities (as mesothelium or serous membranes such as peritoneum, pleura and pericardium) endothelium, bowmans's capsules, loop of hanle in kidney tubules, alveoli, and inner surface of the eardrum

Answer 156

Many glands including liver, pancreas, salivary glands, pigmented epithelium of retina, tubules of kidney, choroids plexus of brain, terminal bronchioles of lungs, surface of ovaries

Answer 157

GI tract, gallbladder, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, bile ducts, ventricles of the brain

Answer 158

Keratinized: Epidermis Moist: mucous membranes which line all openings of the body including, mouth, nose, end of urethra, anus, vagina, esophagus, cornea, conjunctiva

Answer 159

Tubules of testes, follicles of ovaries, sweat gland ducts, salivary gland ducts

Answer 160

Small amounts found where simple columnar meets startified squamous, as in the pharynx & larynx, mammary gland duct, portions of male urethra

Answer 161

Air passageways down to alveoli, fallopian tubes

Answer 162

Male reproductive tract: epididymis and vas epithelium (with stereocilia) deferens

Answer 163

Urinary bladder, ureter, superior urethra

Answer 164

The supporting tissue below all apithelial basement membranes, packing between glands, muscles and nerves

Answer 165

Subcutaneous fat, breast, yellow bone marrow Around numerous organs such as the heart, kidneys, greater omentum, attached to the surface of the colon

Answer 166

Supports capillaries, and nerve endings, the framework of sinusosides, as in liver, lymphoid tissues, and bone marrow, endomysium, perineurium, perichondrium, endoneurium Within the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

Answer 167

Tendons & ligaments; ligaments between the vertebrae and along the dorsal aspect of the neck and in the vocal cords

Answer 168

Most of the dermis, capsules Sheaths and septa of epimysium, perimysium, epineurium, perineurium, perichondrium, and periosteum

Answer 169

Fetal skeleton, costal cartilages, tip of nose, growing long bones (epiphyseal growth plates), ends of long bones, large cartilages of larynx such as thyroid and cricoid articular cartilages

Answer 170

Smaller cartilages of larynx (epiglottis), auditory tube, auricles of external ear

Answer 171

Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, articular disks (temporomandibular joint)

Answer 172

Interior of skull bones, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis and long bones (in epiphysis)

Answer 173

Outer portions of all bones and shaft of long bones

Answer 174

In blood vessels and heart

Answer 175

Cuticle Outer most layer of hair. Made from hard a single layer of keratinoxytes arranged like shingles

Answer 176

Cortex Made up of hard keratin.

Answer 177

Medulla Present only in thick hairs like the ones on your head Made up of soft keratin, same type of keratin found in epidermis

Answer 178

Thin, nonpigmented hair found over most of the body

Answer 179

Thicker, coarser and pigmented hair Found on the skalp and around the eyes After puberty much of the cell us hair is replaced with terminal hair (90% in males, 35% in females)

Answer 180

Lines body cavities (as mesothelium or serous membranes such as peritoneum, pleura and pericardium) endothelium, bowmans's capsules, loop of hanle in kidney tubules, alveoli, and inner surface of the eardrum

Answer 181

Many glands including liver, pancreas, salivary glands, pigmented epithelium of retina, tubules of kidney, choroids plexus of brain, terminal bronchioles of lungs, surface of ovaries

Answer 182

GI tract, gallbladder, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, bile ducts, ventricles of the brain

Answer 183

Keratinized: Epidermis Moist: mucous membranes which line all openings of the body including, mouth, nose, end of urethra, anus, vagina, esophagus, cornea, conjunctiva

Answer 184

Tubules of testes, follicles of ovaries, sweat gland ducts, salivary gland ducts

Answer 185

Small amounts found where simple columnar meets startified squamous, as in the pharynx & larynx, mammary gland duct, portions of male urethra

Answer 186

Air passageways down to alveoli, fallopian tubes

Answer 187

Male reproductive tract: epididymis and vas epithelium (with stereocilia) deferens

Answer 188

Urinary bladder, ureter, superior urethra

Answer 189

The supporting tissue below all apithelial basement membranes, packing between glands, muscles and nerves

Answer 190

Subcutaneous fat, breast, yellow bone marrow Around numerous organs such as the heart, kidneys, greater omentum, attached to the surface of the colon

Answer 191

Supports capillaries, and nerve endings, the framework of sinusosides, as in liver, lymphoid tissues, and bone marrow, endomysium, perineurium, perichondrium, endoneurium Within the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

Answer 192

Tendons & ligaments; ligaments between the vertebrae and along the dorsal aspect of the neck and in the vocal cords

Answer 193

Most of the dermis, capsules Sheaths and septa of epimysium, perimysium, epineurium, perineurium, perichondrium, and periosteum

Answer 194

Fetal skeleton, costal cartilages, tip of nose, growing long bones (epiphyseal growth plates), ends of long bones, large cartilages of larynx such as thyroid and cricoid articular cartilages

Answer 195

Smaller cartilages of larynx (epiglottis), auditory tube, auricles of external ear

Answer 196

Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, articular disks (temporomandibular joint)

Answer 197

Interior of skull bones, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis and long bones (in epiphysis)

Answer 198

Outer portions of all bones and shaft of long bones

Answer 199

In blood vessels and heart