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Anatomy year 1 > Test 1 review > Flashcards

Test 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

The temporal bone houses:

A

components of hearing and balance

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2
Q

The temporal bone provides:

A

framework, support, and protection (for ossicles and TM)

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3
Q

The squamous portion of the temporal bone is ______ and _____ to the ear canal

A

superior; slightly anterior

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4
Q

The tympanic portion is ___ to the ear canal

A

inferior

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5
Q

The mastoid portion is ____ and ____ to the ear canal

A

posterior; slightly inferior

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6
Q

The petrous portion is ____ to the ear canal

A

medial

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7
Q

Zygomatic arch has a connection to ____

A

zygomatic bone

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8
Q

The squamous portion forms the ____ of the ear canal

A

roof or bony portion

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9
Q

The squamous forms a portion of the ___

A

ear canal wall

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10
Q

The squamous plate articulates with the:

A
  • sphenoid bone anteriorly
  • parietal bone superiorly
  • occipital bone posteriorly
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11
Q

The mastoid bone forms the ___ of TB

A

posterior portion

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12
Q

____ is a large air-containing cavity that is continuous with air cells of the mastoid process

A

Tympanic antrum

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13
Q

What separates the mastoid and tympanic portion?

A

Tympanomastoid Fissure

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14
Q

The tympanic portion forms the ___ of the ear canal

A

inferior wall & most of the anterior wall

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15
Q

The petrous portion divides the:

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • middle cranial fossa
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16
Q

The petrous portion houses:

A
  • sensory organs of hearing and balance
  • internal auditory canal
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17
Q

What are the physical characteristics of sound?

A
  • Frequency
  • Intensity
  • Phase
  • Spectrum
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18
Q

What are the perceptual characteristics of sound?

A
  • Pitch
  • Loudness
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19
Q

Longitudinal waves that propagate in the direction of the force.

A

Sound waves

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20
Q

Waves that propagate perpendicular to the force

A

Transverse waves

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21
Q

____ is when air molecules are pushed together–top of the wave

A

Condensation

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22
Q

_____ is when air molecules are far apart–bottom of the wave

A

Rarefaction

23
Q

___ are unnatural, meaning they have no harmonics, just fundamental frequencies.

A

Pure tones

24
Q

____ have fundamental frequencies as well as harmonics.

A

Complex sounds

25
Q

Study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological responses to which they give rise. How we react to a sound.

A

Psychoacoustics

26
Q

Localization of high frequency sounds (wavelength is shorter, so the head will block it)

A

Interaural intensity differences

27
Q

Localization of low frequency sounds (wavelength is longer and can travel around the head)

A

Interaural timing differences

28
Q

Middle ear boosts intensity of sound about __

A

30-35 dB

29
Q

The ME amplifies the sound coming from the environment to help ___

A

Overcome the impedance mismatch between air and cochlear fluids.

30
Q

Allows pressure of ME cavity to be equal to the pressure in the environment

A

Eustachian tube

31
Q

What does the Organ of Corti house?

A

Inner and outer hair cells

32
Q

Transduce vibratory energy into electrical pulses

A

Inner hair cells

33
Q

Amplify sounds that are low level so they can be picked up by the IHC via electromotility.

A

Outer hair cells

34
Q

The cochlea is located in the ___

A

Petrous portion

35
Q

Perforated bony core

A

Modiolus

36
Q

Shelf-like structure that winds around the modiolus

A

Osseous Spiral Lamina

37
Q

The base of the osseous spiral lamina is called the

A

Basal region

38
Q

The pointy top of the osseous spiral lamina is called the

A

Apical region

39
Q

The outer bony part of the vestibular system has 2 windows:

A
  • The oval window
  • The round window
40
Q

The ___ is more superior–where the stapes makes contact and where sound energy is transmitted from ME (in the scala vestibuli)

A

Oval window

41
Q

The ___ is inferior–accommodates any movement of the stapes (in the scala tympani)

A

Round window

42
Q

If we push the stapes in,

A

The round window bulges outward

43
Q

If we pull the stapes out,

A

The round window caves inward

44
Q

What is housed within the bony labyrinth of the cochlea?

A

Membranous labyrinth

45
Q

Unique fluid with a high K+ concentration and relatively low Na+ concentration that is only found in the inner ear of the cochlea.

A

Endolymph

46
Q

The spaces between the membranous labyrinth and the bony walls of the osseous labyrinth are filled with:

A

Perilymph

47
Q

A fluid that is the opposite of endolymph. Has a high concentration of Na+ and low concentration of K+.

A

Perilymph

48
Q

What is the purpose of the membranous labyrinth?

A

To separate the two different fluids.

49
Q

___ keeps the high concentration of potassium

A

Stria vascularis

50
Q

Endolymph has an electrical charge of ___

A

+80 mV

51
Q

Perilymph has an electrical charge of ___

A

0 mV

52
Q

When too much endolymph in membranous labyrinth causes it to swell

A

Meniere’s disease

53
Q

The area of communication at the apex of the cochlea between the Scala Vestibuli and the Scala Tympani

A

Helicotrema

Anatomy year 1 (2 decks)

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