Test 1 Review

Question 1

What are Tindenberg’s 4 Questions?

Answer 1

1-Causation/Mechanism
2-Development/Ontogeny
3-Function/Adaptation
4-Evolution/Phologeny

Question 2

Causation/Mechanism explains?

Answer 2

What type of stimulus would cause organism to react/ What type of stimuli would elicit a response

Question 3

Development/Ontogeny explains?

Answer 3

How the behavior changes with age/ What earlier experiences need to occur for behavior to be shown?

Question 4

Function/Adaptation explains?

Answer 4

How does the behavior impact the animal’s chance of survival and reproduction (AKA fitness)

Question 5

Evolution/Phylogeny explains?

Answer 5

How the behavior compares to similar behavior in related species

Question 6

What is fecundity?

Answer 6

of offspring produced in each reproductive episodfe

Question 7

What is parity?

Answer 7

how many times a organism reproduces in a lifetime

Question 8

What is the behavior being displayed in the prairie vole example?

Answer 8

Monogamy

Question 9

What is the mechanism in which the prairie voles demostrate?

Answer 9

The mechanism is the avpr1a gene, which produces proteins on the ventral palliadum section of the brain, which after intercourse the hormone vasopressin binds to the protein and a neurological signal is transmitted to the body of the prairie vole causing them to feel happiness and contentment.

This feeling cues the prairie vole to stay with the female

Question 10

How does the prairie vole and the Montree vole differ?

Answer 10

Both voles produce the avpr1a gene, however the Montree vole has a modified promoter region which doesn’t allow as many receptors to form. A genetic mutation which affects the transcription of mRNA.

Question 11

How did scientists test to see if the avpr1a gene was the one causing the prairie vole’s monogamy?

Answer 11

Larry Young (the discoverer of the avpr1a gene) virally infected polygynous voles ventral pallidum and inserted avpr1a

The results of this was that these voles exhibited more monogamous behavior after experiment

Question 12

What is the development that must occur for the prairie voles to exhibit the behavior?

Answer 12

There has to be proper development of ventral pallidum/brain in young vole and gene must be present; receptors must be present.

Must reach sexual maturity and must have reproductive event/opportunity to experience circulation of vp horomone through body and brain.

Question 13

What is the evolutionary aspect to why the Prairie voles exhibit this behavior?

Answer 13

Guaranteed reproductive certainty/paternal certainty

Increased fitness

Question 14

What is the adaptive aspect of why the Prairie voles exhibit this behavior?

Answer 14

It gives the male prairie voles more parental care

kin recognition comes into play

Question 15

PROMT:

Describe Eusocialty

Answer 15

Eusociality the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups. The division of labor creates specialized behavioral groups within an animal society which are sometimes called castes. Eusociality is distinguished from all other social systems because individuals of at least one caste usually lose the ability to perform at least one behavior characteristic of individuals in another caste.

Question 16

PROMT:

Altruism

Answer 16

the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others

Question 17

PROMT:

Hapliodiploidy

Answer 17

Haplodiploidy is a sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid

Question 18

PROMT:

Describe the paper GMA plays favorites

Answer 18

• What do you know about this behavior?
• Direct Fitness/Indirect Fitness
• (8%) X chromosome relatedness/Autosomal Related (22 homologous chromosome)
• Male XY VS. Female XX
• PGM MGM with GDaughter/Gson

Question 19

PROMT:

Describe Altruism/Eusociality

Answer 19

• honey bees
• COR between sisters
• Eusociality
• Mechanism
• Development
• Adaptive
• Evolutionary (allows for continued flow of COR)
• hapliodiplody
• Order Hymenoptera

Question 20

PROMT:

Naked Mole Rat

Answer 20

• eusociality and how this type of eusociality differs from the honey bees
• Mechanism: Dom. Female repressing hormones in nonreproductive females
• Developement: Caste System, Resource Availablity
• Adaptive:Higher COR=More Adaptive
• Evolutionary: Food Availability, Mortality, Inbreeding
• philopatry

Question 21

PROMT:

Kin Recognition

Answer 21

• Cooperation
• Spacial distribution
• Association
• Phenotype matching
• **Be able to define these
• Beldings ground squirrel (what are the life history traits)

Question 22

PROMT:

White Crowned Sparrows/Song learning

Answer 22

-Mechanism 
       Neurobiology
       Functional auditory app.
       Functional syrinx 
-Development
       Lifestages (early phase, plastic stage, crystalized              stage)
-Evolutionary
       How did song learning arrive in avian birds

Question 23

PROMT:

Darwin’s Finches?

Answer 23

• Why do they sing? Mates
• Change in communication patterns related to intro of new species
• Evaluate diff aspects of song
• The 4 hypothesis
  - Body size
  - Random Process (Null Hypo)
  - Enviro-change
  - Acustical Information From other species
• 4 Types of Birds
  - G. Forties=Med. Ground Finch
  - G. Scadens=Cactus Finch
  - G. Magnirostis=Large Ground finch
• Evaluation of song
  - Trill rate
  - Duration of song
  - Duration of 1st two notes
  - AV intervals b/w songs
• Examples of song change (pg 36-37)
• Lifespan of Birds
  - ~15 years
• Avoidance/Peak Shift
  - (page 38)