Test 1 - Revised

Question 1

What were the 4 sects of Judaism?

Answer 1

1. Pharisees
2. Sadducees
3. Essenes
4. Zealots

Question 2

Were Jews and Christians friendly with one another in the early Church?

Answer 2

• The Men and woman who made up the church at this time considered themselves good Jews.
• The Bulk of the Christians in the ancient church at its beginning were Jews as well.

Question 3

What were the three important items the Church needed to settle after the apostles died?

Answer 3

1. Codify the Canon
2. Create the Creeds
3. Begin the Episcopacy

Question 4

What is a creed?

Answer 4

• short statements of belief summarizing Christian teaching and introducing inquirers to the faith

Question 5

What is the canon?

Answer 5

• Canon comes from a Greek term that means “Rod or Ruler” both items used in ancient times to measure things. The books of the Bible were used as rules or norms for people to live by just as the rod or ruler provided a rule or norm.
- authoritative scripture

Question 6

What is apostolic succession?

Answer 6

• The uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops.

Question 7

Who finalized the Canon in 376AD?

Answer 7

• Athanasius

Question 8

Was there a hierarchy in the early Church?

Answer 8

• Early apostolic church was very fluid and flexible w/o a complex hierarchy.

Question 9

When did the hierarchy evolve? What was the 112AD saying that was used about this hierarchy?

Answer 9

• 65 AD “follow the bishops as Christ followed the father”

Question 10

What were the four offices of the early Church?

Answer 10

1. Bishops
2. Deacons
3. Presiding Officers
4. Elders

Question 11

What did the Pax Romana do for the Christians?

Answer 11

• Allowed them to move freely around the Roman World, helped to spread Christianity.

Question 12

What is Arianism?

Answer 12

• Only God is eternal, Christ is a created being, not one with the father. Jesus is subject to change and could potentially sin. He was created out of nothing before time began and could not comprehend the mind of God.

Question 13

What is Marcion’s heresy?

Answer 13

• Old Testament God, Yahweh, is evil, for he created an evil world, and vindictive. Jesus’ God is not the same, but God the Father. Jesus was not born of Mary, then he would be a subject of Yahweh; he just appeared one day.

Question 14

How did the Church feel about being martyrs?

Answer 14

• It was an honor.

Question 15

What were the three responses to persecution?

Answer 15

1. Fold
2. Die
3. Fake

Question 16

What were the three charges leveled against Christians by the Roman government?

Answer 16

1. Cannibalism
2. Incest
3. Atheism

Question 17

Know from the slides who was martyred (early church fathers)

Answer 17

• Ignatius
• Polycarp
• Perpetua
• Felicitas
• MORE???

Question 18

How did the Fall of Jerusalem effect the Christians?

Answer 18

• Forced the Christian church to disperse throughout the empire and beyond. Cut ties between Jerusalem and the church. Main reason Christianity became a universal religion instead of remaining a localized sect of Judaism. Freed the church to adopt non Jewish ways of doing things.

Question 19

Know when each Capital for Christianity started?

Answer 19

• Jerusalem
• Antioch
• Alexandria
• Rome

Question 20

Monasteries? Who started them (by tradition not by historians?)

Answer 20

• St. Benedict

Question 21

Who ran the monastery?

Answer 21

• Abbots

Question 22

Constantine – who was he and how did he effect Christianity?

Answer 22

• Emperor of Rome had a vision from God of a trophy of a Cross of light “conquer by this”. Legalized the religion of Christianity. Called synods to deal w/ cases of internal church strife.

Question 23

The Effects of the Crusades?

Answer 23

• Weakened the Pope and nobles – strengthened monarchs
• Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East
• Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims
• Weakened the Byzantine Empire

Question 24

How did heresies effect the church?

Answer 24

• Met together in councils to discuss how they would defend the faith.

Question 25

The Feudal system – hierarchy

Answer 25

* Kings * Nobles * Knights * Peasants

Question 26

What was chivalry?

Answer 26

* Code of ethics followed by knights | * Honesty, fairness in battle, loyal, proper treatment of women

Question 27

What did the Scholasticism movement bring to the world?

Answer 27

• Cathedral School established which allowed more scholarship • Systematic theology was split apart from Biblical Study o Theology went up – Bible study went down • Commentaries replaced the study of the Word • Universities sprouted up all Over

Question 28

Why did the Mysticism start?

Answer 28

• A response to Scholasticism which urged direct contact with God in the act of worship instead of passively participating in the coldly formal acts of worship performed by clergymen and scholars. o Intuition o contemplation

Question 29

What was the final straw the spilt the Church into Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholic?

Answer 29

• Pope excommunicated the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch, Michael Cerularius, and the Patriarch retaliated by excommunicating the Pope.

Question 30

What did these two Churches (EO and RC) have in common?

Answer 30

* Base faith on the gospel of Jesus and the Bible * Use sacraments such as Baptism * Religious leaders are priests and bishops * Seek to convert people

Question 31

What did they (EO and RC) do differently?

Answer 31

``` RC: Services in Latin Pope has authority over all bishops Pope claims authority over all kings Priests may not marry Divorce is not permitted ``` EO: Services in Greek or local languages Patriarch and other bishops head together Emperor claims authority over Patriarch Priests may be married Divorce is allowed under certain circumstances

Question 32

How did the Church deal with those who denied Christ and wanted entrance into the Church after persecution ended?

Answer 32

• The Donatists didn’t want to let them back in, wanted a pure church of saints, not sinners. The rest of the church wanted to allow them back.