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Neuro Spring 2019 > Test 1 Shit > Flashcards

Test 1 Shit Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Different cortices that make up the cerebral cortex?

A 
Frontal Cortex
Parietal Cortex
Temporal Cortex
Occipital Cortex
Insular Cortex
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3
Q

The brain stem is composed of?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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4
Q

Spinal Cord is composed of?

A 
Cervical 
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
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5
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Separates the frontal cortex from the parietal cortex

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6
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

AKA Sylvia Fissure

Separates the frontal and parietal cortices from temporal cortex

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7
Q

Preoccipital notch

A

Divides the temporal and occipital cortices

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8
Q

Operculum

A

Region of cerebrum bordering the lateral fissure

EX: Frontal, parietal, and temporal operculum

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9
Q

Caudal

A

Towards tail

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10
Q

Rostrum

A

Toward Head

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11
Q

Distal

A

Away

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Closer

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Hidden by temporal lobe

-top part of brain stem

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14
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Inferior most portion of the brain stem

-continuous with the spinal cord at the foramen magnum

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15
Q

Pons

A

Below the Midbrain

Above the Medulla Oblongata

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16
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Separates the parietal cortex from the occipital cortex

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17
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

White Matter

  • composed of myelinated axons that connect L and R brain together
  • axons run right to left/left to right in corpus callosum
  • medial cut=axons look like dots
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18
Q

White Matter definition

A

Large myelinated fiber tracts/axons

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19
Q

Grey Matter

A

Portion of the CNS containing high density of neuronal cell bodies

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20
Q

Thalamus

A
  • AKA diencephalon; reflects embryonic function
  • Subcortical Structure
  • involved in relay of info to and from the cerebral cortex
  • bilateral structure (gap between sides)
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21
Q

Cerebellum

A

Superior and dorsal to the brain stem

-involved with coordination

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22
Q

CSF-containing ventricular system composed of:

A

3rd ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct
4th Ventricle

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23
Q

Hypothalamus

A

No anatomical boundary

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24
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct of midbrain

A

Connects 3rd and 4th Ventricle

-aka Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

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25
3rd Ventricle
Space between thalami - continuous with cerebral aqueduct - located on the midline of the brain
26
Lateral Ventricles
2 of them - located in cerebral hemispheres - drain into the 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramen (AKA foramen of monro)
27
Interventricular Foramen
AKA Foramen of Monro | -Connects the 2 lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle
28
How much CSF does an adult make on average per day?
150 cc (or mL)
29
4th Ventricle
Located between the pons-medulla and cerebellum
30
How does CSF flow from the 4th ventricle:
By 1 of 3 routes: - Median Aperture (foramen of Magendie) - Lateral Aperature (Foramen of LUSHKA) - Central Canal of medulla and spinal cord
31
Median Aperature
AKA foramen of Magendie - unilateral (not bilateral) - CSF flow from 4th ventricle through this (one of 3) - empties into cistern magna (located at the base of the occipital bone)
32
Lateral Aperature
AKA Foramen of LUSHKA - bilateral (R and L Sides) - located at the pons/medulla junction - empties into the Pontine Cistern
33
Choroid Plexus
Produces CSF | -located in the lateral (body and inferior horn) ventricles, third ventricles, and fourth ventricles
34
Circulation of CSF
Lateral Ventricles-> interventricular foramen-> 3rd ventricle-> cerebral aqueduct-> 4th ventricles-> median and lateral Aperature-> Transverse subarchnoid space-> arachnoid granulation-> absorbed into the venous circulation
35
Stenosis
Squeezing/making smaller -impeding flow 0can be caused by a tumor, bacteria, or debris
36
Arachnoid Villus
AKA arachnoid granulation - protrude into the superior Sagittarius sinus (Dural sinus) - takes CSF and absorbs into venous circulation through the dura mater that forms the walls of the superior sagittal sinus
37
Superior Sagittarius Sinus
Between 2 layers of Dura Mater - Dural Sinus - venous blood
38
Meninges
3 membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord 1) Dura mater 2) Arachnoid 3) Pia Mater
39
Dura Mater
- Outermost layer of meninges - thickest membrane - doesn't follow contour of brain 2 Layers: -layers aren't easily separable except where venous sinuses occur between them Inner (meningeal) layer -folds of meningeal layer form 4 fibrous partitions or septa that divide cranial cavity: 1) Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae Outer (periosteal/endosteal) layer -stops at the foramen magnum where it fuses with the occipital bone
40
Falx cerebri
- located between the 2 cerebral hemispheres | - top of cranium
41
Tentorium cerebelli
- located superior to the cerebellum | - covers the cerebellum within the posterior cranial fossa
42
Falx cerebelli
extends vertical between the two cerebellar hemispheres | -bottom of cranium near cerebellum
43
diaphragma sellae
- extends between the anterior and posterior crinoid processes - covers the pituitary gland
44
Arachnoid Membrane
Middle layer of meninges | -does not follow the contour of the brain (like dura mater)
45
Subarachnoid Space
- Found between the Arachnoid membrane and Pia Mater | - contains CSF, blood vessels (arteries and veins)
46
Pia Mater
- Inner most layer of meninges - Vascularized - areolar membrane - extends into every contour of brain - very thin/transparent
47
CSF
- constant circulation of 150 cc | - complete turnover 3-4 times/day
48
Diploic Vein
Drains into Superior Sagittal Sinus | -valveless
49
Emissary Veins
- passes through foramina (Foramen) of skull | - connects superficials veins with deep venous structures (i.e. dural sinuses)
50
Bridging Vein
- easily ruptured In elderly - blood will split dura resulting in subdural hematoma - slow forming
51
Galea Aponeurosis
CT b/w skin and skull
52
Subgaleal Hematoma
bleed under galea aponeurosis - trauma - common in babies during birth when MD uses suction; pulls up aponeurosis - don't let pt sleep bc unsure of LOC
53
Epidural space
- not normally present - b/w dural and skull - can be opened up by ruptured meningeal artery (ex: middle meningeal artery) which run in the periosteal layer of dura resulting in Epidural hematoma - Arterial blood is under High pressure-> Large V of blood can be lost into the epidural space fast-causing severe brain compression - unless bleeding is quickening controlled surgically - DEATH can happen quickly
54
Meningeal artery
ex: Middle meningeal artery - run in the periosteal layer of dura - can result in epidural hematoma - supplies blood to bone and dura mater - High Pressure
55
Subdural Space
- not normally present - near the Jan between dura and arachnoid membrane - may be opened by blood from a vein; typically cerebral vein as it enters a dural sinus - Subdural Hematoma
56
Trigon area
calcified area of choroid plexus=glomus - common for adults - opaque, will show up on x-ray
57
Cisterna Magna
inferior to the cerebellum | -median aperture empties into
58
Pontine Cistern
Lateral aperture empties into
59
Disturbances of circulating of CSF
- most common blockage of ventricles that leads to increase inn ICP - due to malfunction of absorption - can be caused by clogging by debris, bacterial etc
60
Middle Meningeal artery
- Enters cranium via foramen spinosum then bifurcates into anterior and posterior - anterior goes through pterion (very vulnerable area)
61
Pterion
Intersection of sutures | -vulnerable area
62
Aneurysms
- Categorized by shape - involves all 3 layers of artery - unless aneurysm is pressing on something that is innervated=will not have symptoms - rupture will lead to stroke; Middle Cerebral A. most common artery involved in stroke in brain 1) Sacular - berry like - where arteries branch - very likely to rupture 2) Fusiform - bulging spindle shaped - tend to not be a problem - unlikely to rupture 3) Pseudoaneurysm - does not involve all 3 layers of artery - due to trauma causes separation between media and adventitia - can be very painful - usually do not rupture
63
Tentorial Incisure
-oval opening in the tentorium cerebelli at anterior end that allows passage of brainstem into posterior cranial fossa

Neuro Spring 2019 (21 decks)

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