Test 1 - Skills

Question 1

why is skill classification needed

Answer 1

to ensure the most appropriate method of practice is selected

Question 2

what is the definition of a skill

Answer 2

the learned ability to bring about predetermined results with a minimum outlay of time, energy to both

Question 3

what is a open skill

Answer 3

environment is unpredictable and changing
player must makes decisions before the skill is in progress

Question 4

whats a closed skill

Answer 4

environment is predictable and unchanging
decision is made before executing the skill

Question 5

what is a gross skill

Answer 5

large muscles are used eg weightlifting

Question 6

what is a fine skill

Answer 6

smaller, intricate muscle groups eg shooting

Question 7

what is a self paced skill

Answer 7

there performer controls the speed at which the skill is performed and when it is started

Question 8

what is an externally paced skill

Answer 8

the performer has no control over the speed of the skill or when to start

Question 9

what is a simple skill

Answer 9

requires very few decisions or thought during execution

Question 10

what is a complex skill

Answer 10

requires many decisions before executing the skills and during the skills

Question 11

what is a low organised skill

Answer 11

easily broken down into sub routines

Question 12

what is a highly organised skill

Answer 12

not easily broken down into subroutines

Question 13

what is a discrete skill

Answer 13

skill has a distinct beginning and end
one sharp action eg basketball free throw

Question 14

what is a serial skill

Answer 14

several discrete skill linked together
eg a trampoline routine

Question 15

what is a continuous skill

Answer 15

no clear beginning
the end of one cycle is often the start of the next eg front crawl swimming action

Question 16

what are the three categories of things to consider when choosing how to practice

Answer 16

the task eg the nature of the skill, the physical and mental demands

the performer eg age, ability etc

the environment eg space available, time

Question 17

what is whole practice

Answer 17

the task is presented in its entirety with sub routines in tact

Question 18

what kind of skills is whole practice good for

Answer 18

fast
closed
simple
highly organised skills

Question 19

advantages of whole practice

Answer 19

brings out realism
fluency
understanding
keeps links between sub routines
builds mental image
builds entire motor programmes

Question 20

disadvantages of whole practice

Answer 20

can be too much info at once
could be beyond the capabilities of the performer

Question 21

what is whole part whole practice

Answer 21

practice skill in its entirety
then isolate a part or weakness to work on before putting it back into the whole skill

Question 22

advantages of whole part whole practice

Answer 22

used for skills with low organisation
good if performer has a weakness
gives feedback and error correction
helps to motivate and maintain the feel of a skill
good for serial skills eg a trampoline routine

Question 23

disadvantages of whole part whole practice

Answer 23

must now how to do the skill to begin with
takes a long time to learn the skill and them improve each individual part

Question 24

what is progressive part practice

Answer 24

when each part of the skill is added gradually

Question 25

what skills is progressive part practice good for

Answer 25

serial complex dangerous a new task easily Brocken down

Question 26

advantages of progressive part practice

Answer 26

good for building fitness for the entire routine builds the fluency of the entire skill good way of learning a routine without performer being overloaded

Question 27

what is massed practice

Answer 27

a repeated practice of a skill where there are no or little recovery periods between blocks of practice

Question 28

what kind of skills are good for massed practice

Answer 28

discrete simple closed highly organised self paced

Question 29

advantages of massed practice

Answer 29

forms motor programs increases fitness enhance over learning good for habitual responses efficient

Question 30

disadvantages of massed practice

Answer 30

no time for feedback fatigue to demanding (could lead to injury)

Question 31

what is distributed practice

Answer 31

rest intervals between sessions

Question 32

when should distributed practice be used

Answer 32

when the skill is continuous complex low organised seriel externally paced

Question 33

advantages of distributed practice

Answer 33

allows recovery less mental pressure allows mental rehearsal reduces danger

Question 34

disadvantages of distributed practice

Answer 34

time consuming time maybe managed ineffectively as rest periods could be longer than working periods may be boring

Question 35

what is varied practice

Answer 35

a type of practice where the skills and drills are changed

Question 36

when should varied practice be used

Answer 36

when the skill is complex open externally paced

Question 37

advantages of varied practice

Answer 37

gives motivation allows adaption builds a schema

Question 38

disadvantages of varied practice

Answer 38

time consuming possibility of a negative transfer fatigue too demanding

Question 39

what is mental practice

Answer 39

going over the skill in your head without doing the movement

Question 40

what are the two ways of mental practice

Answer 40

internal - emotions external - mental picture of environment

Question 41

advantages of mental practice

Answer 41

improves reaction time builds motor programmes builds confidence controls anxiety

Question 42

disadvantages of mental practice

Answer 42

environment must be calm must be correct

Question 43

what are the three stages of learning

Answer 43

cognitive stage associative stage autonomous stage

Question 44

characteristics of the cognitive stage of learning

Answer 44

movement may lack coordination may include mistakes MOTOR PROGRAMME NOT DEVELOPED trial and error may be used performer needs to think while using feedback

Question 45

characteristics of the associative stage of learning

Answer 45

MOTOR PROGRAMMES START TO BE FORMED movement is smoother practice is used to perfect movement movements are compared to a more perfect model

Question 46

characteristics of the autonomous stage of learning

Answer 46

MOTOR PROGRAMMES ARE FORMED task completed with efficiency and attention to detail expert level movement may be second nature

Question 47

what are some benefits of feedback

Answer 47

builds confidence/motivates correct errors makes the stimulus response bond stronger which makes skills habitual gives reinforcement which promotes repetition

Question 48

what is the difference between intrinsic feedback for autonomous learners and cognitive learners

Answer 48

both get intrinsic feedback but autonomous learners can understand and interpret it. cognitive learners cannot

Question 49

how do you make feedback effective

Answer 49

give it immediately make sure it is relevant and understood make sure it is appropriate for the performer eg age, if beginner etc

Question 50

what is positive transfer

Answer 50

the learning of one skill positively influences the learning of another

Question 51

how to cause positive transfer

Answer 51

the coach can point out similarities use positive reinforcement eg praise point out similar information processing requirements teach similar skills linked together

Question 52

what is negative transfer

Answer 52

the learning of one skill inhibits the learning of another

Question 53

what are the causes of negative transfer

Answer 53

misunderstadning when a familiar stimulus requires a different response skills appear similar but are not

Question 54

how to prevent negative transfer

Answer 54

draw attention to differences thoroughly learn skills avoid teaching conflicting things together do not overload

Question 55

what is zero transfer

Answer 55

the learning of a skill has no impact on another

Question 56

what is bilateral transfer

Answer 56

the transfer from one side of the body to another (eg left to right) eg kicking the ball with your right foot when you usually kick it with your left