Test #1 Study Guide (A & P, Diagnostics) Flashcards
What do tendons attach to?
attach MUSCLE TO BONE
Where is the meniscus and what is its function?
Located - posterior to/BEHIND the KNEE/patella
Function - CUSHION
Where is calcium and phosphorus stored?
in the BONES
Bones made up of 98% ca+ and 2% phos.
What is an arthroscopy?
Arthroscopy - VISUALIZES internal structure of a joint using an ARTHROSCOPE.
– can assess and repair at the same time.
What is post-op teaching after an arthroscopy?
- ICE, ELEVATE for 24 hours
- ANALGESICS for pain
- teach use of CRUTCHES if rx
- report these s/s - swelling, pain, thrombophlebitis, infection
What complication would you report to the PCP immediately after arthroscopy?
PEDAL PULSES <
What is arthrocentesis? Are post-op patients advised to walk?
Aspiration of synovial fluid, blood, or pus from a joint cavity.
- can dx inf., inflamm, conditions, and bleeding
POST-OP
*Compression dressing is applied and the JOINT IS RESTED FOR ONE DAY
What are nursing actions for total knee repair?
- Monitor for BLEEDING
- ICE
- Monitor PEDAL PULSES
- Use of CPM Machine
- Meds as prescribed
What is hematopoiesis? Where does is take place?
The MANUFACTURING OF BLOOD CELLS
- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
What important question must you ask prior to an MRI? Why?
- Do you have a pacemaker or prosthetic implants?
* severe damage or death can result of metallic objects are exposed to the magent fields of an MRI.
Describe normal ROM in joint movement.
FLEXION - movement decreasing the angle between two adjoining joints.
EXTENSION - movement increasing the angle between two adjoining joints.
ABDUCTION - movement AWAY from midline of body
ADDUCTION - movement TOWARD midline of body
ROTATION - movement of a bone ROUND LONGITUDINAL AXIS
SUPINATION - movement causing PALM UP
PRONATION - movement causing PALM DOWN
DORSIFLEXION - movement causing the foot to TILT UPWARD
PLANTARFLEXION - movement causing the foot to POINT DOWNWARD
What region is the popliteal joint located?
Back of the knee.
Where is synovial fluid located and why do we need it?
Located in synovial JOINTS
-Diarthrosis –> free moving joints
Function - LUBRICATION
What sounds does crepitus make?
Crackling
Popping
Grinding
No further growth can occur in a bone after what plate closes during late teens/early 20s?
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
- develops across ends of bones
Childhood fx’s can effect growth
What can we do as nurses to prevent contractures in immobile pts?
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
What s/s would you expect to find in a pt scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery?
- Joint SWELLING, REDNESS, CREPITUS
- Joint INSTABILITY
- Injury to the joint to cause above s/s
What complications can take place post-op bone biopsy?
HEMATOMA!
- monitor for bleeding
Swelling, infection too.
What post-op assessment/interventions would be included following arthroscopy surgery?
MONITOR: -CMST -PEDAL PULSES NOTIFY PCP OF: -Swelling, redness -increased pain -FEVER - s/s inf -thrombophlebitis
Why would just getting over bronchial pneumonia or bronchitis cause a surgery to be cancelled?
Surgery will never be done if you are sick. – Unless LIFE/DEATH
What does the word OMIT mean
To leave out, to exclude
What is the proper way to position a pt post-hip replacement?
PATIENT POSITIONING
-Use an ABDUCTION PILLOW to place between pts legs while in bed
What would you tell your pt takes place during a bone can?
BONE SCAN - nuclear scanner that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown.
- DYE (radioactive TRACER) injected via IV
- Gamma camera takes pics of tracer in bones.
CHECK FOR:
- ALLERGEIS
- BUN/ CREATININE
- PUSH FLUIDS to get radioisotopes excreted
- FLUSH toilet X3
When first assessing extremities, why is it important to compare both sides?
You are assessing for SYMMETRY.
Each extremity of each side should be symmetrical. If there is asymmetry, that is indicative of a problem.
