Test 1 TERMS

Question 1

Monophyletic

Answer 1

ALL descendants came from one common ancestor (clade)

Question 2

Paraphyletic

Answer 2

does not include all the descendants of most recent common ancestor

Question 3

Polyphyletic

Answer 3

does not share an immediate ancestor

Question 4

Apomorphy

Answer 4

derived character

Question 5

Plesiomorphy

Answer 5

ancestral character

Question 6

Symplesiomorphy

Answer 6

shared ancestral character

Question 7

Synapomorphy

Answer 7

shared derived character

Question 8

Evolutionary Systematics

Answer 8

uses phylogenetic relationship and overall similarity to group organisms

Question 9

Cladistics

Answer 9

all members must have shared a common ancestor

Question 10

Protoplasmic Grade of Body Organization

Answer 10

all life functions are carried out inside cell by organelles.
eg. Protozoans

Question 11

Cellular Grade of Body Organization

Answer 11

aggregation of cells that are functionally differentiated; division of labor among cells.
eg. Porifera

Question 12

Tissue Grade of Body Organization

Answer 12

cells of one type function in a unified way
eg. Cnidarians

Question 13

Lobopodia

Answer 13

large, blunt extensions of the cell body containing both endoplasm and ectoplasm

Question 14

Filopodia

Answer 14

slender pointed extensions of body with only ectoplasm

Question 15

Reticulopodia

Answer 15

thin extensions of cytoplasm arranged in a network

Question 16

Axopodia

Answer 16

stiff, needle-like pseudopodia supported by microtubules

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

Small, hair-like structures present on surface of cells moves with an effective and recovery stroke motion.

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

Hair-like structure used for locomotion moves with an undulation movement

Question 19

Haploid dominant

Answer 19

Majority of an organism’s life cycle is spent in its haploid form (n).

Question 20

Diploid Dominant

Answer 20

Majority of an organism’s life cycle is its diploid form (2n).

Question 21

Intracellular Digestion

Answer 21

Is the breakdown of complex food to simple form inside the cellular cytoplasm. Done by phagocytosis

Question 22

Extracellular digestion

Answer 22

Food is broken down outside the cell either mechanically or chemically

Question 23

Parazoa

Answer 23

Animals that lack specialized tissue.
Eg. Sponges

Question 24

Eumetazoa

Answer 24

Animals with neurons, true tissue organization and embryo development.
Bilaterians and Radiates

Question 25

Mesozoa

Answer 25

Parasitic, wormlike, multicellular organisms

Question 26

Ovipary

Answer 26

Egg is released into water and fertilization occurs externally

Question 27

Vivipary

Answer 27

Embryo's are released as mature swimming larvae. Fertilization occurs inside.

Question 28

Coenosarcal Colony

Answer 28

Zooids arise from a sheet of tissue (Coenosarc)

Question 29

Stolonate Colony

Answer 29

Horizontal stem (stolon) gives rise to pulp form

Question 30

Polyp

Answer 30

Cylindrical Orient mouth up Sedentary

Question 31

Medusa

Answer 31

Umbrella shaped Orient mouth down Swim by pulsation of umbrella Tentacles around margin of umbrella

Question 32

Hermatypic Corals

Answer 32

Hard coral forming corals

Question 33

Ahermatypic Corals

Answer 33

Corals with no zooxanthellae and are non- reef building.

Question 34

Gastrozooid

Answer 34

Feeding polyp

Question 35

Gonozooid

Answer 35

Reduced tentacles and mouth. Produce medusa like zooids

Question 36

Dactylozooid

Answer 36

- Food catching and protective polyp - Lack mouth - Contain batteries of nematocysts

Question 37

Hydroid hydrozoan Colony

Answer 37

Sessile Colony

Question 38

Siphonophore Hydrozoan Colony

Answer 38

Pelagic Colony

Question 39

Choanocytes

Answer 39

Specialized cell with a single flagellum surrounded by a net- like collar of microvilli

Question 40

Cnidocytes

Answer 40

- Stinging cells of Cnidarians - thread like and toxic

Question 41

Hermaphroditism

Answer 41

An organism with both male and female reproductive organs - bisexual - Monoecious

Question 42

Gonochorism

Answer 42

An organism with only one of two reproductive organ. - Unisexual - Dioecious

Question 43

External fertilization

Answer 43

Is fertilization that occurs outside the body of an organism.

Question 44

Internal fertilization

Answer 44

Is fertilization that occurs inside the body of an organism.

Question 45

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 45

- Two Latin names given to each organism - (generic name and specific name)

Question 46

Polynomial Nomenclature

Answer 46

A series of descriptive terms added to the name of the genus of a specie

Question 47

Homologous character

Answer 47

Characters in different organisms that are closely related but appear different - similar in structure and inherited from common ancestors Eg. Appendages of human, cat, whale & bat } all are mammals

Question 48

Analogous character

Answer 48

Characters seen in different species with the same function, same appearance but are not evolved together. - NO common ancestor Eg. Bat wing (mammal) bird wing (bird) insect wing (insect)

Question 49

Convergent evolution

Answer 49

Organisms not closely related - have similar appearances because of similar environments Eg: Shark (Fish) Ichthyosaur (Reptile) Dolphin (Mammal )

Question 50

Divergent evolution

Answer 50

Related species with dissimilar characteristics and appearances