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Micro > Test 1 Virology, Helminths, Platyhelminths, Virus, Odd Bugs/Chalmydia, Anaerobes, Gram +/-, Fungi > Flashcards

Test 1 Virology, Helminths, Platyhelminths, Virus, Odd Bugs/Chalmydia, Anaerobes, Gram +/-, Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

most prevalent helminth

A

nematode

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2
Q

Trinity of intestinal helminth nematode

A

Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Hookworm , 4th-Strongyloidiasis

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3
Q

Ascaris - pathway in body

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= LUNG = injest egg -> lung -> GI (mate)

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4
Q

Ascaris - S/S

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = Pulm, GI, bowel obstruction, female lays tons of eggs, light-asymptomatic

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5
Q

Trichuris - s/s

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal “whipworm” = dysentery, rectal prolapse, intestinal mucosa burrowing

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6
Q

Hookworm - Necator Ancylostoma - body pathway

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= LUNG / SKIN = NO eggs - larvae, into skin ->heart -> lung -> GI

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7
Q

Ascaris - Tx

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = Single dose Rx

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8
Q

Hookworm/Necator Ancylostoma - Tx

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= Single dose Rx

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9
Q

Hookworm/Necator Ancylostoma - S/S

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= Iron deficiency (eat blood), kids - physical + cognitive, women - preg, MDA = “creeping eruption” erythema migrans

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10
Q

Hookworm/ Strongyloides - S/s

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = Appalachia, hyperinfection (enteritis), dissemination (Gram - carried), asymptomatic OR larva currens, pulm migration

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11
Q

Hookworm/ Strongyloides - TX

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= improve sanitation

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12
Q

Hookworm/ Strongyloides - body pathway

A

Helminth/Nematode-Intestinal = LUNG SKIN - AUTOfertilization/infection,

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13
Q

Hookworm / Strongyloides - DX

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = eosinophilia, antibody

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14
Q

Enterobius

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = pinworm, perianal itching, DX - scotch tape, treat whole family

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15
Q

Trichinella - S/S

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = muscle pain, fever, edema, eosinophilia

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16
Q

Trichinella - body pathway

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = cyst -> lymph -> muscle

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17
Q

Trichinella - Tx

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = steroids

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18
Q

Trichinella - Dx

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = muscle biopsy, serology

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19
Q

Filiarisis

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = Lymphatic Filiarisis, mosquito vector, blood to lymph, difficult to kill worms

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20
Q

Onchocerciasis

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = Blindness over long term, sub-saharan Africa, black fly

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21
Q

Loasis (Loa Loa)

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = Eyeworm, black fly, Africa

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22
Q

Guinea Worm

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = hang out to release eggs in water, eradicated by transmission control (avoid water)

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23
Q

Schistosomiasis - 2 types

A

Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = S. mansoni - intestine/liver, S. hematobium - bladder

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24
Q

Schistosomiasis - pathway

A

Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = Skin contact w/ freshwater, swimmer’s itch, egg in 1)feces OR 2)urine

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25
Q

Schistosomiasis - Dx

A

Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = CBC Eosinophilia, antibody

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26
Q

Liver Flukes

A

Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = snail, undercooked fish, biliary cancer, Asia

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27
Q

Tapeworm - Cesatodes - types

A

Platyhelminths = 1) Taenia saginata (beef)

2) Taenia solium (pork) - also HUMAN host

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28
Q

Tapeworm - Cesatodes - transmission

A

Platyhelminths = Eat larvae or eggs/cyst (cysticercosis - solium) , eat larvae- adult worm in intestine

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29
Q

Tapeworm - Cesatodes - Dx

A

Platyhelminths = image, antibody

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30
Q

Diphyllobothriasis

A

Platyhelminths = from fish, B12 taken

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31
Q

Echinococcus

A

Platyhelminths =endemic in West USA, host-dog gut/poo, intermediate - sheep then human, hyatid cyst (liver lung), Dx - image, antibody, Tx - Surgical PAIR

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32
Q

Fungus - Saprobe, Symbiont, Commensal, Parasite

A

decompose, mutual benefit, no benefit, harm

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33
Q

Fungus - staining

A

Gram +, NOT acid fast

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34
Q

yeast - cell

A

unicellular, budding

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35
Q

mold - cell

A

filamentous hyphae, septate/coencytic

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36
Q

alfatoxin

A

Fungus = aerobic, kills you

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37
Q

Fungus culture

A

hours, sabourand’s agar, chloramphenicol (inhibit bact. growth)

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38
Q

Exogenous Fungal Infxns

A

CASH - Crypto, Aspergillus, Sporothrix, Histoplasmosis

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39
Q

Histoplasmosis contract

A

Fungus = cave

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40
Q

Crypto contract

A

Fungus = pigeon poo

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41
Q

Aspergillosis contract

A

Fungus = decaying veggie

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42
Q

Endogenous Fungal infxns

A

Candida

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43
Q

Fungus Primary Infxns

A

Healthy People Be Cautious - Hist, (Paracoccidioides bras.), Blasto, Coccydiodes

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44
Q

Coccydiodes disease name

A

Fungus = Valley fever

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45
Q

Fungal Opportunistic Infxn

A

Always CCarry Protection - Asperg, Candida, Cryptococc, Pneumocystis j.

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46
Q

Fungus Superficial infxn

A

Black/white piedra, tinea nigra/versicolor

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47
Q

Fungus serolgy

A

See His (crypto)Coc Fungus

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48
Q

Cutaneous Fungal Infxn

A

Dermatophytes (microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton), Tinea cruris/unguium, extra lesions

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49
Q

Deep Tissue Fungal Infxn

A

Deep Fungal B.A.C.C.C.H.

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50
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Gram + = strep throat, URI, B-hemolysis,

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51
Q

Strep throat S/S + S.E.

A

Fever, NO cough, anterior cerv nodes, tonsillar exudate. S.E. - Rheumatoid fever, glomeruloneph, scarlet fever

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52
Q

Strep pneumonia

A

Gram + = a hemolysis

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53
Q

Strep agalactiae

A

Gram + = vagina, URI (also meningitis, otits media)

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54
Q

Enterococcus

A

Gram + , GI tract = UTI *also endocarditis; From catheter, tubes, etc.

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55
Q

Vividans Strep

A

Gram + = Endocarditis

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56
Q

Strep DX

A

Gram + = PCR, Antigen, Gram hard

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57
Q

Staph aureus - bug

A

Gram + = B hemolysis, lives skin/mucus, colonizes nares, coagulase (+) ?

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58
Q

Staph aureus - disease

A

localized infxn skin, invasive (endocard, steomyelitis), toxin mediated (TSS, Scalded Skin Syndr)

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59
Q

Staph epidermidis/lugdunensis

A

Gram + = Colonize skin, coagulase (-)

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60
Q

Staph haemolyticus

A

Gram + = Colonize sweat glands, coagulaze (-)

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61
Q

Staph DX

A

Gram + = Gram , PCR (s. aureus), culture

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62
Q

Gram + Spore-forming rods

A

Clostridium, Bacillus

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63
Q

Gram + Non-spore-forming rods

A

Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Rhodoccus, Listeria (motile)

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64
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A 
Gram + Spore rod =
 skin->lungs->GI; 
goats, animals; 
black eschar, 
X-ray = widened mediastinium
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65
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Gram + Spore rod =

immunocompromised, contaminant wounds, food poisoning (emetic, diarrheal)

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66
Q

Corynebacteria

A

Gram + Non-Spore rod = C. diptheriae = bullneck, toxic - myocardio, neuro; airborne, aspirate membrane; DX - immunofluorescent stain

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67
Q

Listeria

A

Gram + No-Spore rod = risk pregger, cheese, h2 blocker/gastric surgery, cross placenta (meninigitis)

68
Q

Erysipelothrix

A 
Gram + No-Spore rod =  zoonosis/swine/soil, erysipeloid skin lesion/endocard/maybe diffuse rash; 
cutaneous trxn (fish handling)
69
Q

Endotoxin

A

on outer cell wall

70
Q

Exotoxin

A

released from cell

71
Q

E. coli

A

Gram (-) / Enterobacteriae = #1 UTI / Traveller’s Diarrhea

72
Q

Proteus

A

Gram (-) / Enterobacteriae = UTI, vulgaris (more resistant) vs. mirabilis

73
Q

Klebsiella p.

A

Gram (-) / Enterobacteriae = UTI, Pnemonia; Purple goop

74
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Gram (-) diplococci = humans ONLY reservior, ONLY Epidemic meningitis, USA - serogroup B, URI to headache to Petechial Rash
DX - CSF /chocolate agar

75
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gram (-) diplococci = ONLY in humans, asymptomatic female carry THEN P.I.D. (disseminate)

76
Q

Moraxella c

A

Gram (-) diplococci = otitis media, LRI (COPD)

77
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Gram (-) cocci = Humans ONLY host, epiglottitis, HiB (worst infection)

78
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Gram (-) cocci = chancroid (PAINFUL)

79
Q

Brucellosis

A

Gram (-) cocci = zoonosis, unpasteurized; granuloma

80
Q

Acinobacter

A

Gram (-) cocci = nosocomal pneumonia

81
Q

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

A

Gram (-) cocci = rabbits/rodents;

ulcer -> pneumo

82
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Gram (-) cocci = gut, cold food outbreak

83
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Gram (-) cocci = plague
Rodent - bubonic
droplet - pneumonic

84
Q

Bartonella - where?

A

intracellular, Bacilliary Angiomatosis

85
Q

Bartonella bacilliformis

A

Gram (-) cocci = Oroya Fever, erythrocytes, verruga peruana cutaneous nodules

86
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

Gram (-) cocci = cat scratch disease

87
Q

Bartonella quintana

A

Gram (-) cocci = Trench Fever/body louse

culture negative endocarditis

88
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - characteristics

A

Gram (-) cocci = blue/green, ubiquitous, high mortality, transmission - WEAKENED HOST

89
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - disease

A

Gram (-) cocci = otitis externa whirlpool folliculitis, paronchy, *bone/joint infxn

90
Q

Gram (-) Negative rod Anaerobes

A

BEEF UP! Bacteriodes, Fusobacterium, Prevotella

91
Q

Gram (+) Positive rod Anaerobes

A

CLASS ACT! Clostridia, Actinomyces

92
Q

Gram (-) Negative cocci Anaerobes

A

Veillonella

93
Q

Gram (+) Positive cocci Anaerobes

A

Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus

94
Q

Anaerobes S/S

A

Foul Smell, Gas in Tissues, Abscess

95
Q

Ludwig’s Angina

A

Anaerobe - submandibular swell, drool , hot potato voice, woody

96
Q

Inhale anaerobe

A

pneumonia, abscess

97
Q

Brain abscess

A

from oral or endocardial origin

98
Q

Anaerobe tissue infxn

A

diabetic soft tissue, cellulitis, necro. fasciitis, Syn. Necro. cellulitis, Myonecro.

99
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A 
Anaerobe = food poisoning, skin/soft tissue
Gas Gangrene (myonecrosis), doom
100
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Anaerobe = tetanus

101
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Anaerobe = endospores, A/B/E, honey/food

102
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Anaerobe = spore, toxin A + B

DX - endoscopy, fecal leuk, PCR (NO CULTURE)

103
Q

Mycobacterium - general characteristics

A

TB, Acid Fast, NO SPORE, +HIV = infxn

104
Q

MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex)

A

pulm - hot tub lung, COPD - old men, like TB, Lady Windermere

105
Q

Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)

A

droplets, armadillos, NO CULTURE, S/S - lepratomous stage = tissue destruction

106
Q

Treponema

A

Spirochetes = T. pallidium (phallus) / endemicum = Syphilis

107
Q

Borrelia

A

Spirochetes = lice

108
Q

Borrelia burgdoferi

A

Spirochetes = Lyme - deer tick
IgM- 3-6 weeks, use IgG after 4-6 weeks
malar rash, ECM, joint/cardio block

109
Q

Rickettsia rickettsi

A

RMSF (Rocky….) - tick
attack vascular endothelium
fever, headache, rash
leuk down, platelets down

110
Q

Anaplasmosis

A

tick

111
Q

Ehrlichosis

A

Lone Star tick, HME *Monocytic

112
Q

Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - M. pneumoniae

A

URI

113
Q

Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - M. hominis/ureaplasma

A

UTI

114
Q

Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - M. genitalium

A

PID

115
Q

Chlamydia - gram

A

-

116
Q

Chlamydia - elementary bodies

A

infxn

117
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Conjuctiva / Genital , A-K

118
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A

parrot fever

119
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae

A

atypical pneumoniae

120
Q

Influenza structure

A

envelope ssRNA

121
Q

HSV - HSV1/2, VZV, HSVB

A

alpha, latent: NEURON

122
Q

HSV - EBV, HHV8

A

Gamma, latent : B LYMPHOCYTE

123
Q

Keratitis

A

HSV 1

124
Q

HSV nail

A

herpetic whitlow

125
Q

HSV DX

A

Tzanc prep, PCR

126
Q

HSV Shedding ___ days

A

100

127
Q

VZV - varicella vaccine

A

live

128
Q

VZV - varicella rash

A

start on scalp/trunk to extremety

129
Q

VZV - don’t give aspirin to kids

A

Reye’s

130
Q

Herpes zoster vaccine

A

live

131
Q

Herpes zoster complications

A

meningitis, neuralgia

132
Q

EBV symptoms

A

atypical lymphocytes, cervical adenopathy

133
Q

EBV Dx

A

Monospot , antibody/pcr

134
Q

CMV

A

CD8 down, eye, DX- tissue (owl’s eye)

135
Q

HHV6

A

Roseola

136
Q

HHV8

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

137
Q

Rabies pathway

A

bite -> replicate in muscle -> nerve -> replicates dorsal root ganglion -> brain

138
Q

Rabies types/treatment

A

furious vs. paralytic / vaccinate animals

139
Q

West Nile

A

Flavivirus = birds, IgM CSF

140
Q

Dengue

A 
Flavivirus = resevoir host - human
4 serotypes
Undiff fever, fever, hemorrhagic, shock
febrile, critical, convalescent
Dx - RT PCR, IgG4x
2ndary infxn dangerous
141
Q

Yellow Fever

A

Flavivirus = Faget’s sign (temp up pulse down), IgM

142
Q

Chikungunya

A

Flavivirus = IgM, PCR

143
Q

Hantavirus

A

Flavivirus = rodents (urine, feces)

H. Pulm. Syndr

144
Q

Ebola

A

Flavivirus = animal, bats

145
Q

Protomer

A

makes capsid

146
Q

Envelope

A

surrounds capsid

147
Q

Capsid

A

surrounds genome

148
Q

Capsomer

A

unit, surface proteins seen by EM

149
Q

Most common virus type

A

RNA single strand +/-

150
Q

RNA + virus

A

Go! translate

151
Q

RNA - virus

A

needs intermediary (virus contains transcriptase)

152
Q

Virus - Helical capsid

A

need nucleic acid (flu)

153
Q

Virus - Icosahedral capsid

A

don’t need nucleic acid (HPV)

154
Q

Virus - Complex capsid

A

carries replication machinery (poxvirus)

155
Q

RNA virus examples

A

Flu, ebola, HIV, zika, HTLV

156
Q

dsDNA virus examples

A

Herpes

157
Q

HSV - antiviral Rx

A

inhibit DNA replication

158
Q

HSV virus infection stages

A

IE - transcr factors, bypass immune
E - Replicate inside to grow
Rep - Progeny
L - Package it

159
Q

HPV vaccine made of

A

icosahedral capsid fragments

160
Q

HSV latency measure

A

LAT RNAs in nucleus

161
Q

Virus evolution

A

mutation –> recombination –> reassortment (flu strains)

162
Q

what makes pandemics

A

antigenic SHIFT

163
Q

what determines virus spread

A

our immunology

164
Q

Initial symptoms of viral infxn

A

Prodrome (innate immune, interfeuron)

165
Q

Viral inclusion bodies located

A

intranuclear / cytoplasmic

166
Q

ELISA tests

A

antibody/ antigen

167
Q

Zika can be spread from

A

man to sex partners

Micro (2 decks)

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