Test Flashcards by Matt Moran

What is a GVC?

How long is it valid for

General VLOS Certificate
VLOS = Visual Line of Sight
5 years

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How long is a Operational Authorisation valid for?

12 months

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What does the CAA stand for?

What does CAP stand for and what is it?

Civil Aviation Authority
Civil Aviation Publication
Issued regarding changes in legislation or communication from CAA

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What is the principal legislation govening aviation in the UK?
What provides the specifications and regulations that we need to operate under?

ANO2016, the Air Navigation Order
UAS IR (Unmanned Aircraft System Implementing Regulation)

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The three catgories for UAV operations and what each requires

Open category: low or no risk to third parties

Specific category: greater risk than open, requires operational authorisation

Certified category: represent an equivalent risk to that of manned aviation, require same stuff (pilots license, certification etc)

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What does DMARES stand for

What are the two main parts and what is the difference between them

Drone and Model Aircraft Registration and Education Scheme

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What are the two main parts of DMARES and what is the difference between them

Flyer ID and Operator ID

Flyer ID: anyone who wants to fly
No minimum age but children under 13 must register with parent
Lasts 5 years, is free

Operator ID: anyone responsible for a drone
Must be displayed on drones
Must be over 18
Lasts 1 year, £9 fee

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Three factors in open category operations

Maximum take-off mass is less than 25kg
Drone must be operated within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)
Must not flown higher than 120 metres

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A1 sub-category in open category:
What it involve
Weight of drone allowed
Class of drones
Competency required

Close to people and potential overflight

Under 250g

C0, C1, A1 transitional

User manual, DMARES, maybe A2 CofC (only if using A1 drone)

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A2 sub-category in open category:
What it involve
Weight of drone allowed
Class of drones
Competency required

Close to people, no overflight
No closer than 30 metres hirozontally from uninvolved persons (5m in “low speed” mode)

Less than 4kg

C2, A2 transitional

User manual, DMARES, practical training, A2 CofC

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A3 sub-category in open category:
What it involve
Weight of drone allowed
Class of drones
Competency required

No uninvolved people present
No flight within 150m horizontally of congested areas

Less than 25kg

C3, C4, A3 transitional

Just user manual and DMARES

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Difference between C class and legacy drones

Requirements for taking CofC
What does it stand for

CE marking are a european approved product certification

Legacy are older drones that after 31st December 2022 can only be used in the open category

Certificate of Competency
Online training and practical flight training

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What is the 1:1 rule?

How high can a drone fly, whats the exception

Drone must be as far vertically as it should be horizontally
I.e. if you have to be 5m from someone you are limited to 5m in height

400ft, but can be exceeded when overflying a fixed obstacle
Must not be higher than 15m above it and kept within 50m horizontally of it

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UKPDRA-01: what is it
Details
Rules for distances

Standard permission issued by the CAA

Pilot must maintain VLOS
No time restrictions
Used for UK operations
Can’t take place in an FRZ (Flight Restriction Zone)

500m horizontally, 400ft vertically

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What regulation requires insurance?

EC785/2004 article 2

Needed whenever flying under the operational authorisation

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What are articles 240, 241 and 265 (3 parts)

240: don’t be reckless or negligent in a manner likely to endanger an aircraft or people in an aircraft
241: don’t be reckless or negligent in a manner likely to endanger any person or property

265: UAS operator can’t let a drone be used unless it complies with one of the three catorgies
265A refers to the UAS operator, 265B refers to the remote pilot, 265C refers to the registration of the UAV

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What are ATMs and ATCs

Air Traffic Management and Air Traffic Controllers

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What does FL, TMA, CTA, CTR and ATZ mean?

What does the word zone mean in this context?

Flight level
Terminal Manoeuvring Area
Controlled Area
Controlled Zone
Aerodrome Traffic Zone

Controlled airspace to ground

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What is an FIR

How many does the UK have

Flight Information Regions

London, Scottish, Shanwick

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Classes of airspace in order of most highly controlled

Where do UAS flights normally take place

Starts at A and goes to G, where class A is the most highly controlled

Usually in class G – uncontrolled or class D – controlled

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Why do runway protection zones exist

Aircraft coming in at 3° angle means they might be low to the ground for a while (2.4km out, only 400ft up)

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What does an ATZ look like on a map

What are the dimensions

Red ring with dark red circles all around it

2000ft up
Radius of 2.5 NM if longest runway more than 1850m
Radius of 2.0 NM if shorter

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Three types of reserved airspace

How to read this on maps, including max alititude

Danger areas for military
Prohibited areas
Restricted areas

Starts with the letter, then /number (times by 1000)

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What is NOTAM

What is recommended to do if flying a UAS under 25kg, not in an FRZ

What to do if flying an ATZ/FRZ

Study These Flashcards

Notice to Airmen
Shows a temporary airspace reservation
About temporary hazards

Contact local ATC or nearby airfields

Contact the ATC/airport operator and get permission

Whats an AIP and AIC

Aeronautical Information Publication Gives info required before we fly Aeronautical Information Circulars Info that dosn't qualify for NOTAM or AIP

What are EVLOS and BVLOS

Extended Visual Line of Sight Work with a spotter to fly beyond VLOS Beyond Visual Line of Sight Uses remote connection to fly beyond VLOS

Airmanship: What does the CAA say (KSI) The three bedrock principles (power rangers) The five pillers of knowledge (tenet) The two capstones (superheros)

KPP: Knowledge, Preparation and Practise Skill, Proficiency, Discipline Self, Aircraft, Team, Environment, Risk Judgment, Situational Awareness

What weight is there no requirement for airworthiness independent check Who should check anyway? How should you do this

Less than 20 kg Operator or remote pilot Use a checklist

What factors should a pilot be able to accuractely judge What three questions to ask if flying at night

Distance, height and speed Does drone have suitable lighting Has a daytime risk assessment been done Is the take-off/landing area suitably illuminated

Distances to maintain in a congested area

50m from people, vehicles, structures not under the control of the pilot 30m from people not under the control of the pilot during take-off and landing

What does the operational volume consist of What should we record post-flight in our logbooks When to rest, how long for What to do if working alone

The flight geography and contingency volume Any unexpected events Time in flight Take-off and landing times When batteries changed, 5-10 minute break Establish pre-agreed intervals of contact between worker and supervisor

What does I'M SAFE stand for

``` Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Eating ```

How to deal with blindspots What can cause you to forget about them?

Consciously check blind spots Get crew/client to help Task fixation

Five parts of the scan technique (monk nonsense)

``` Check the SUA Check the airspace Check ground space Check the endurance (battery) Check your blind spot ```

What are the most common map ratios for planning operations

1:250,000 | Can use 1:50,000 for more detail

Three types of north on maps

``` True north (north pole) Grid north (what a map shows) Magnetic north (bit different to the other two) ```

Reading contour lines

Between each contour is 5-10 metres, thicker lines every 50 metres

What does AMSL stand for | What does ASL stand for

ft Above Mean Sea Level | ft Above Surface Level

Three types of military low flying areas | How to contact the military about flying

Red=tactical training Yellow=helicopters Purple=areas generally avoided Call the low flying number

DMS What are latitude lines What are longtitude lines

Degrees, minutes, seconds 60 minutes in one degree Works like map coord's, find first line, go along however many minutes and seconds Parallel to the equator, running east and west Perpendicular to equator Prime meridian passes through greenwich

How many signals does GPS need to get a good fix What can affect GPS? How can we use the KP index for this?

4 minimum, better with more Can be disrupted/jammed Affected by atmosphere and environment Measurement of geomagnetic activity

What is multipath

Terrain or structures distorting signals | Happens when signals reflect off stuff like buildings

What are TAF's and METAR's Who issues them Whats in them

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast Meterological Aerodrome Report Airports Weather conditions, need to be decoded

What does a cold front look like, what does it mean What does a warm front look like, what does it mean Wtf is occluded

Blue triangles in direction of travel, means cold air is pushing under warm air Red semicircles in direction of travel, means warm air is rising over cold air Has characteristics of both, purple

Whats an isobar

Lines of equal pressure | The closer together they are, the higher the wind speeds

Whats an anemometer | Whats masking

Used to take wind readings | When a building blocks wind making it seem less

Using headwind and tailwind to work out ground speed

Airspeed - windspeed = ground speed | Airspeed + windspeed = ground speed

Three types of turbulence and how they are created

Mechanical-caused by weird surfaces like buildings Thermal: air on surface is warmed and then ascends Shear: air moving in different directions at different levels

What effect does cold have on drones | What effect does heat have on drones

Can temporarily reduce battery life Can cause icing Prolonged exposure can reduce battery life Can melt plastic wires etc

Which type of cloud formation is the worst

Cumulonimbus, thunder and lightning

4 forces acting an a craft in flight | Best conditions for lift

Thrust, weight, drag and lift Dry cold morning near sea level

Whats the ground effect Whats a vortex ring Whats the torque effect

Drone harder to control close to ground More noticeable over smooth surfaces When you descend too fast the drone becomes unstable Descend at angle and slowly Rotational torque generated by rotors

Whats important with automatic flight modes Two types of drone modes Maxiumum current formula

Know how to get to manual quickly GPS and non-GPS Max current (A) = Capacity*Discharge Rating/1000

What is MTOM

Maximum take-off Mass

Hierarchy of dealing with risks (fast, see?)

PPE Administrative Controls ( change the way people work) Engineering controls (isolate people from hazard) Substitution Elimination

What should you post flight

Complete logs and record data Post maintenance Debrief

How big is a square on an OS map

4cm = 1km, each square is 4cm

How low can jets fly, in the two different areas How low can helicopters fly How low is a low flying area

From 100ft in tactical training areas, 250 feet in other low flying areas Can fly at surface level with 10ft minimum safe distance Surface to 2000ft

Test Flashcards

(58 cards)