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MECH5460 Aerial Robotics > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is a GVC?

How long is it valid for

A

General VLOS Certificate
VLOS = Visual Line of Sight
5 years

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2
Q

How long is a Operational Authorisation valid for?

A

12 months

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3
Q

What does the CAA stand for?

What does CAP stand for and what is it?

A

Civil Aviation Authority
Civil Aviation Publication
Issued regarding changes in legislation or communication from CAA

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4
Q

What is the principal legislation govening aviation in the UK?
What provides the specifications and regulations that we need to operate under?

A 
ANO2016, the Air Navigation Order
UAS IR (Unmanned Aircraft System Implementing Regulation)
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5
Q

The three catgories for UAV operations and what each requires

A

Open category: low or no risk to third parties

Specific category: greater risk than open, requires operational authorisation

Certified category: represent an equivalent risk to that of manned aviation, require same stuff (pilots license, certification etc)

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6
Q

What does DMARES stand for

What are the two main parts and what is the difference between them

A

Drone and Model Aircraft Registration and Education Scheme

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7
Q

What are the two main parts of DMARES and what is the difference between them

A

Flyer ID and Operator ID

Flyer ID: anyone who wants to fly
No minimum age but children under 13 must register with parent
Lasts 5 years, is free

Operator ID: anyone responsible for a drone
Must be displayed on drones
Must be over 18
Lasts 1 year, £9 fee

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8
Q

Three factors in open category operations

A

Maximum take-off mass is less than 25kg
Drone must be operated within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)
Must not flown higher than 120 metres

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9
Q 
A1 sub-category in open category:
What it involve
Weight of drone allowed
Class of drones
Competency required
A

Close to people and potential overflight

Under 250g

C0, C1, A1 transitional

User manual, DMARES, maybe A2 CofC (only if using A1 drone)

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10
Q 
A2 sub-category in open category:
What it involve
Weight of drone allowed
Class of drones
Competency required
A

Close to people, no overflight
No closer than 30 metres hirozontally from uninvolved persons (5m in “low speed” mode)

Less than 4kg

C2, A2 transitional

User manual, DMARES, practical training, A2 CofC

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11
Q 
A3 sub-category in open category:
What it involve
Weight of drone allowed
Class of drones
Competency required
A

No uninvolved people present
No flight within 150m horizontally of congested areas

Less than 25kg

C3, C4, A3 transitional

Just user manual and DMARES

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12
Q

Difference between C class and legacy drones

Requirements for taking CofC
What does it stand for

A

CE marking are a european approved product certification

Legacy are older drones that after 31st December 2022 can only be used in the open category

Certificate of Competency
Online training and practical flight training

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13
Q

What is the 1:1 rule?

How high can a drone fly, whats the exception

A

Drone must be as far vertically as it should be horizontally
I.e. if you have to be 5m from someone you are limited to 5m in height

400ft, but can be exceeded when overflying a fixed obstacle
Must not be higher than 15m above it and kept within 50m horizontally of it

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14
Q

UKPDRA-01: what is it
Details
Rules for distances

A

Standard permission issued by the CAA

Pilot must maintain VLOS
No time restrictions
Used for UK operations
Can’t take place in an FRZ (Flight Restriction Zone)

500m horizontally, 400ft vertically

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15
Q

What regulation requires insurance?

A

EC785/2004 article 2

Needed whenever flying under the operational authorisation

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16
Q

What are articles 240, 241 and 265 (3 parts)

A

240: don’t be reckless or negligent in a manner likely to endanger an aircraft or people in an aircraft
241: don’t be reckless or negligent in a manner likely to endanger any person or property

265: UAS operator can’t let a drone be used unless it complies with one of the three catorgies
265A refers to the UAS operator, 265B refers to the remote pilot, 265C refers to the registration of the UAV

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17
Q

What are ATMs and ATCs

A

Air Traffic Management and Air Traffic Controllers

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18
Q

What does FL, TMA, CTA, CTR and ATZ mean?

What does the word zone mean in this context?

A 
Flight level
Terminal Manoeuvring Area
Controlled Area
Controlled Zone
Aerodrome Traffic Zone

Controlled airspace to ground

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19
Q

What is an FIR

How many does the UK have

A

Flight Information Regions

London, Scottish, Shanwick

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20
Q

Classes of airspace in order of most highly controlled

Where do UAS flights normally take place

A

Starts at A and goes to G, where class A is the most highly controlled

Usually in class G – uncontrolled or class D – controlled

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21
Q

Why do runway protection zones exist

A

Aircraft coming in at 3° angle means they might be low to the ground for a while (2.4km out, only 400ft up)

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22
Q

What does an ATZ look like on a map

What are the dimensions

A

Red ring with dark red circles all around it

2000ft up
Radius of 2.5 NM if longest runway more than 1850m
Radius of 2.0 NM if shorter

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23
Q

Three types of reserved airspace

How to read this on maps, including max alititude

A

Danger areas for military
Prohibited areas
Restricted areas

Starts with the letter, then /number (times by 1000)

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24
Q

What is NOTAM

What is recommended to do if flying a UAS under 25kg, not in an FRZ

What to do if flying an ATZ/FRZ

A

Notice to Airmen
Shows a temporary airspace reservation
About temporary hazards

Contact local ATC or nearby airfields

Contact the ATC/airport operator and get permission

25
Q

Whats an AIP and AIC

A

Aeronautical Information Publication
Gives info required before we fly

Aeronautical Information Circulars
Info that dosn’t qualify for NOTAM or AIP

26
Q

What are EVLOS and BVLOS

A

Extended Visual Line of Sight
Work with a spotter to fly beyond VLOS

Beyond Visual Line of Sight
Uses remote connection to fly beyond VLOS

27
Q

Airmanship:
What does the CAA say (KSI)

The three bedrock principles (power rangers)

The five pillers of knowledge (tenet)

The two capstones (superheros)

A

KPP: Knowledge, Preparation and Practise

Skill, Proficiency, Discipline

Self, Aircraft, Team, Environment, Risk

Judgment, Situational Awareness

28
Q

What weight is there no requirement for airworthiness independent check

Who should check anyway?

How should you do this

A

Less than 20 kg

Operator or remote pilot

Use a checklist

29
Q

What factors should a pilot be able to accuractely judge

What three questions to ask if flying at night

A

Distance, height and speed

Does drone have suitable lighting
Has a daytime risk assessment been done
Is the take-off/landing area suitably illuminated

30
Q

Distances to maintain in a congested area

A

50m from people, vehicles, structures not under the control of the pilot

30m from people not under the control of the pilot during take-off and landing

31
Q

What does the operational volume consist of

What should we record post-flight in our logbooks

When to rest, how long for

What to do if working alone

A

The flight geography and contingency volume

Any unexpected events
Time in flight
Take-off and landing times

When batteries changed, 5-10 minute break

Establish pre-agreed intervals of contact between worker and supervisor

32
Q

What does I’M SAFE stand for

A 
Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue 
Eating
33
Q

How to deal with blindspots

What can cause you to forget about them?

A

Consciously check blind spots
Get crew/client to help

Task fixation

34
Q

Five parts of the scan technique (monk nonsense)

A 
Check the SUA
Check the airspace
Check ground space
Check the endurance (battery)
Check your blind spot
35
Q

What are the most common map ratios for planning operations

A

1:250,000

Can use 1:50,000 for more detail

36
Q

Three types of north on maps

A 
True north (north pole)
Grid north (what a map shows)
Magnetic north (bit different to the other two)
37
Q

Reading contour lines

A

Between each contour is 5-10 metres, thicker lines every 50 metres

38
Q

What does AMSL stand for

What does ASL stand for

A

ft Above Mean Sea Level

ft Above Surface Level

39
Q

Three types of military low flying areas

How to contact the military about flying

A

Red=tactical training
Yellow=helicopters
Purple=areas generally avoided

Call the low flying number

40
Q

DMS
What are latitude lines
What are longtitude lines

A

Degrees, minutes, seconds
60 minutes in one degree
Works like map coord’s, find first line, go along however many minutes and seconds

Parallel to the equator, running east and west

Perpendicular to equator
Prime meridian passes through greenwich

41
Q

How many signals does GPS need to get a good fix

What can affect GPS?

How can we use the KP index for this?

A

4 minimum, better with more

Can be disrupted/jammed
Affected by atmosphere and environment

Measurement of geomagnetic activity

42
Q

What is multipath

A

Terrain or structures distorting signals

Happens when signals reflect off stuff like buildings

43
Q

What are TAF’s and METAR’s
Who issues them
Whats in them

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
Meterological Aerodrome Report

Airports

Weather conditions, need to be decoded

44
Q

What does a cold front look like, what does it mean

What does a warm front look like, what does it mean

Wtf is occluded

A

Blue triangles in direction of travel, means cold air is pushing under warm air

Red semicircles in direction of travel, means warm air is rising over cold air

Has characteristics of both, purple

45
Q

Whats an isobar

A

Lines of equal pressure

The closer together they are, the higher the wind speeds

46
Q

Whats an anemometer

Whats masking

A

Used to take wind readings

When a building blocks wind making it seem less

47
Q

Using headwind and tailwind to work out ground speed

A

Airspeed - windspeed = ground speed

Airspeed + windspeed = ground speed

48
Q

Three types of turbulence and how they are created

A

Mechanical-caused by weird surfaces like buildings

Thermal: air on surface is warmed and then ascends

Shear: air moving in different directions at different levels

49
Q

What effect does cold have on drones

What effect does heat have on drones

A

Can temporarily reduce battery life
Can cause icing

Prolonged exposure can reduce battery life
Can melt plastic wires etc

50
Q

Which type of cloud formation is the worst

A

Cumulonimbus, thunder and lightning

51
Q

4 forces acting an a craft in flight

Best conditions for lift

A

Thrust, weight, drag and lift

Dry cold morning near sea level

52
Q

Whats the ground effect
Whats a vortex ring
Whats the torque effect

A

Drone harder to control close to ground
More noticeable over smooth surfaces

When you descend too fast the drone becomes unstable
Descend at angle and slowly

Rotational torque generated by rotors

53
Q

Whats important with automatic flight modes

Two types of drone modes

Maxiumum current formula

A

Know how to get to manual quickly

GPS and non-GPS

Max current (A) = Capacity*Discharge Rating/1000

54
Q

What is MTOM

A

Maximum take-off Mass

55
Q

Hierarchy of dealing with risks (fast, see?)

A

PPE
Administrative Controls ( change the way people work)
Engineering controls (isolate people from hazard)
Substitution
Elimination

56
Q

What should you post flight

A

Complete logs and record data
Post maintenance
Debrief

57
Q

How big is a square on an OS map

A

4cm = 1km, each square is 4cm

58
Q

How low can jets fly, in the two different areas
How low can helicopters fly
How low is a low flying area

A

From 100ft in tactical training areas, 250 feet in other low flying areas

Can fly at surface level with 10ft minimum safe distance

Surface to 2000ft

MECH5460 Aerial Robotics (1 decks)

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