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History > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

the Vedic god of fire; god of religious sacrifices and divine knowledge

A

agni

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2
Q

prosperity and wealth; one of the guiding ideals of hinduism

A

artha

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3
Q

indo-eurpoean steppe peoples who conquered india

A

aryans

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4
Q

a means of seeking divine truth via self-mutiliation or deprivation; yoga helps train the body to seek religious truce in this practice

A

ascetism

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5
Q

its final destination is to be absorbed into the “world soul”; the part of people that is eternal

A

atman

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6
Q

the creator manifestation; the “cosmic architect”

A

brahma

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7
Q

the highest cast; priests and teachers were in this caste

A

brahmins

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8
Q

they were once called the “untouchables”

A

dalit/pariahs

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9
Q

each caste had its certain job; their____ was to do this job well; sacred duty

A

dharma

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10
Q

Shiva’s son; had an elephant’s head on a human body; god of wealth

A

ganesh

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11
Q

monkey-hero in the ramayana

A

hanuman

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12
Q

the Vedic god of war; rides an elephant mount; god of thunder

A

indra

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13
Q

pleasure, emotional fulfillment, desire; one of the guiding ideals of hinduism

A

kama

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14
Q

my destiny; the result of my actions

A

karma

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15
Q

kings had to be in this caste; the warrior caste

A

kshatriya

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16
Q

epic poem about a war for the throne between cousins and their families; poem that discusses duty, religion, society, and politics

A

Mahabharata

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17
Q

great prince; Sanskrit word for kings

A

maharaja

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18
Q

release from the cycle of rebirth

A

moksha

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19
Q

the four guiding ideals of hinduism

A

purusartha

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20
Q

cosmic man who was sacrificed to create the world and caste system

A

purusha

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21
Q

Sanskrit word for prince

A

raja

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22
Q

the hero of the Ramayana; went off to capture the golden deer

A

rama

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23
Q

epic poem about a hero rescuing his wife; epic poem about adventure, religion, mythology and duty (dharma)

A

ramayana

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24
Q

the evil demon-king who kidnaps sita

A

ravana

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25
Q

the cycle of reincarnation

A

samsara

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26
Q

written language of ancient india

A

sanskrit

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27
Q

custom of a widow throwing herself into husband’s funeral pyre

A

sati

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28
Q

the destroyer manifestation

A

shiva

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29
Q

the wife of Rama in the ramayana

A

sita

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30
Q

most people in ancient india were this caste; caste that included peasants, farmers laborers

A

sudras

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31
Q

the three forms of reality personified by brahma, vishnu and shiva

A

trimurti

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32
Q

caste that included merchants and artisans; lowest caste occupied by aryans and their descendants

A

vaisya

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33
Q

literally means “color”; the word for the concept of castes

A

varna

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34
Q

the Vedic god of water; god of justice and law

A

varuna

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35
Q

religious instructions that included hymns and craters; men were expected to learn funeral rites from these texts

A

vedas

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36
Q

the preserver/protector manifestation

A

vishnu

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37
Q

ultimate reality; the macrocosmic force operating in the universe

A

brahman

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38
Q

pre-hinduism Vedic religion

A

brahmanism

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39
Q

indigenous peoples of india conquered by the aryans; became the. sutras and Dalit

A

dhravidians

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40
Q

divisions of labor within the caste system; guild-like organizations of workers and their families that offered social stability

A

jati

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41
Q

3102 BCE

A

civilization appears in india, china

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42
Q

1500 BCE

A

aryans became established in india

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43
Q

480 BCE

A

death of the buddha

44
Q

100 BCE

A

Mahabharata and ramayana written

45
Q

169-232 CE

A

reign of Ashoka

46
Q

Which mountain range surrounds india

A

Himalayan

47
Q

subcontinent

A

a distinguished part of a continent

48
Q

_____ flows through the Himalayan Mountains into the ______

A

Indus River, Arabian Sea

49
Q

Punjab

A

five rivers flowing into Indus

50
Q

_____ flows into the Bay of _____

A

Ganges, Bengals

51
Q

Deccan Plateau

A

divides north from south

52
Q

major archeological sites and details - Indias earliest civilizations

A

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were ancient cities with strong administrative, urban, and religious centers.

53
Q

Indias earliest civilizations

A

Indus Valley civilizations

54
Q

reasons for decline of earliest civilizations

A

natural causes, social decay, neglect of public services

55
Q

pastoralists

A

nomads who follow herds of animals

56
Q

citadel

A

fortress

57
Q

big export in india

A

cotton

58
Q

role of father in the family

A

responsible for leading the ceremonies, possessed legal authority over entire family

59
Q

how were women considered inferior

A

couldn’t become a priest and can’t divorce husband. Sati ceremony and provide dowery to husband.

60
Q

upanishads

A

meditation philosophies, spiritual knowledge, commentaries of vedas

61
Q

caste system

A

Brahmin - priests
kshatryia - warriors and kings
vaisya - merchants and landowners
sudra - commoners, peasants, servants
untouchables - outcasts

62
Q

evidence of respect for women

A

they were respected in home

63
Q

aryans

A

pure

64
Q

aranyakas

A

rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices

65
Q

the cosmic man

A

class systems were created out of the parts of the body of a single cosmic man

66
Q

reincarnation

A

reborn in a different form after death and progresses through several existences on the wheel of life until it reaches its final destination in a union with the great world soul

67
Q

ascetism

A

sensual pleasures, modern practice of body training, self-discipline

68
Q

the soul’s final destination

A

great world soul

69
Q

3 great gods

A

brahma the creator, vishnu the preserver, and shiva the destroyer

70
Q

dharma

A

code for living one’s life

71
Q

artha

A

wealth and prosperity

72
Q

kama

A

desire, fulfillment of pleasure desire

73
Q

moksha

A

ultimate goal, release of the soul (atman), spiritual knowledge

74
Q

karma

A

positively or negatively affects your souls reincarnation

75
Q

avatar

A

character, a manifestation of gods

76
Q

krishna

A

Vishnu, secretly a god

77
Q

3 arguments Krishna used to convince Arjuna he should lead troops in battle

A

your atman will continue, your dharma is to be a warrior, karma has decided if they will die or not

78
Q

how does purusartha reinforce the varna

A

be the best you can be so you are rewarded to a higher caste when reincarnated

79
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

born son of a ruling kshatriya family contemporary of mahavira

80
Q

what did SG discover at age 29

A

old age, pain of illness, death, ascetic lifestyle

81
Q

two extremes to avoid

A

total materialism and total asceticism

82
Q

four noble truths

A
  1. life is suffering
  2. suffereing is caused by desire
  3. the way to end suffering is to end desire
  4. the way to end desire is to avoid the extremes of a life
83
Q

what should you follow

A

the middle path

84
Q

what tree is significant to Siddhartha and why

A

He meditated under the Bodhi Tree. Bodhi means wisdom

85
Q

what became Siddhartha’s new name

A

Buddha - enlightened one

86
Q

eightfold path

A

all start with word right, idea of right

87
Q

nirvana

A

elightment, knowledge of truth caused by nothing, dependent on nothing leads to nothing

88
Q

boddhisatva

A

teacher, stays on planet to teach truth after death

89
Q

offshoots from hinduism

A

jainism

90
Q

Mahavira

A

the great hero

91
Q

elements buddha kept

A

reincarnation, karma, nonviolence, simplicity, chastity, escetics

92
Q

elements buddha rejected

A

castes, deites, creator (Brahman), individual atman (the self)

93
Q

ashima

A

nonviolence

94
Q

jainism

A

the path to enlightenment is through nonviolence

95
Q

ashoka

A

considered greatest ruler in history of india, paragon of buddhist kingship

96
Q

early reign of ashoka

A

conquering, pillaging, and killing

97
Q

Ashoka ordered the erction of _____ to remind people of the _______

A

stone pillars, “proper way”

98
Q

belief system that influenced Ashokas later reign

A

buddhism

99
Q

architecture and sculpture

A

stone began to be used after the destruction of the Persian empire

100
Q

3 religious structures

A

pillar, stupa, rock chamber

101
Q

stupa

A

buddhist shrine (place for worship and devotion)

102
Q

how is the stupa antithetical to the buddhas teachings

A

they’re not supposed to worship, materialism

103
Q

lotus

A

emerges from muddy water each day clean and renewed
everyday a new start, rebirth

104
Q

mandala

A

symbols of universe in its ideal form, used for meditation

105
Q
A

History (6 decks)

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