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Physiology Ch. 5,6,7 & 8 > Test > Flashcards

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(60 cards)

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1
Q

Glycolysis converts glucose into what kind of molecule?

A

Pyruvate

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2
Q

What does Aerobic cellular respiration do?

A

Both uses glucose and generates water

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3
Q

Each turn of the citric acid cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) directly produces how many molecule/molecules of ATP?

A

4

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4
Q

Energy that is lost during the process of aerobic cell respiration as given off as what?

A

Metabolic heat

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5
Q

The electron transport system is a series of what kind of reactions?

A

Oxidation reduction

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6
Q

AT formation in the electron transport system is called what?

A

Oxidative phosphorilization

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7
Q

In a newborn, what occurs in brown fat?

A

Thermogenesis

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8
Q

How many amino acids are essential for an adult?

A

8

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9
Q

Ammonia is produced through the process of what?

A

Oxidative deamination

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10
Q

ATP generated in the citric acid cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) comes from where?

A

GTP

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11
Q

The majority of the water within the body is found in the what?

A

Intracellular compartment

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12
Q

A membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it is called what?

A

Selective permeability

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13
Q

Passive transport of water is known as what?

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Active transport what?

A

Utilizes energy

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15
Q

Diffusion does what to the entropy of a solution?

A

Increase

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16
Q

A solution consist of a solvent which dissolves what?

A

The solute

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17
Q

Dialysis uses the process of what?

A

Simple diffusion

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18
Q

Hydrophobia molecules usually enter a cell via what?

A

Diffusion

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19
Q

The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential for what?

A

Potassium (K) ions

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20
Q

The sodium/potassium (Na/K) pump contributes to the maintenance of the negative resting membrane potential. True or false?

A

True

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21
Q

Retrograde transport moves substances to what?

A

Towards the cell body
Membranes, vesicles, and viruses
Uses molecular proteins of dinine

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22
Q

Sensory neurons?

A

Are Pseudo-unipolar and Carry impulses towards the central nervous system (CNS)

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23
Q

What type of neuron is found ENTIRELY of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

Both interneuron and association neuron

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24
Q

The myelin sheath is of the central nervous system neurons are produced by what?

A

The oligodendrocytes

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25
White matter is what?
Myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS)
26
The most numerous of all cells in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues are the what?
Astrocytes
27
During an action potential what does sodium (Na) influx cause?
Depolarization
28
What type of proteins are present in chemical synapses to ensure the close proximity of the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes?
Cell adhesion molecules (CAM)
29
What type of autonomic fibers release acetylcholine (ACH) at the effectors?
Parasympathetic
30
Histamine is able to act as a regulator in inflammation to allergies. True or false?
True
31
The cerebellum form from the what?
Metancephalon
32
Cerebral spinal fluid is found where?
Both within the central canal of the spinal chord and within the ventricles of the brain
33
Choose the complete list of lobes of the cerebrum.
Frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, and occipital.
34
What type of neurons are found in the pre central gyrus?
Upper motor neurons
35
What structure separates the frontal and and the parietal lobes?
Central sulcus
36
A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a what?
Gyrus
37
Corea is most likely to result from damage to the what?
Caudate nucleus
38
The basal nuclei include the what?
Corpus striatum
39
The cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is what?
Optic nerve
40
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut the individual would what?
Both no sensory perception from that nerve and no reflexes involving that nerve
41
The midbrain forms from the what?
Mesencephalon
42
What has the function to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses?
Inter neurons
43
The total percentage of blood flow to the body per minute that goes to the brain is what?
15%
44
Neural stem cells in adults mammalian brains are found where?
Both the subventricular and subgranular zones
45
Making a statement characterizing the cerebral cortex: areas of the body with the greatest density of receptors will have the larger areas on the somoesthetic cortex. True or false?
True
46
REM sleep is unique from other stages in that what?
The breathing and the heart rate mimic the patterns during waking hours
47
What is the function of the motor circuit in the brain?
It allows for the intended movements to occur while controlling the unwanted movements.
48
Individuals with aphasia what?
They may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged.
49
A word salad: speaking pattern occurs when what is damaged?
Wernicke’s area
50
What structure connects the wernicke’s area to the motor speech area?
Arcuate fisicullus
51
The hypothalamus in the limbic system those are involved in what?
Aggression, fear, sex, goal directed behavior
52
Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would have the greatest impact on what?
Hearing
53
Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?
Delta waves
54
Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson’s disease is often due to what?
Substantia Nigra
55
Which neuro transmitter is not associated with basal nuclei function?
All: Dopamine, glutamate, GABBA
56
In most individuals, writing skills would be impaired if damaged to the what occurred?
Left cerebral hemisphere
57
Recognition of a friends face is a function of the what cerebral hemisphere in most individuals?
Right cerebral hemisphere
58
Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning in memory?
Subgranular zone of the hippocampus
59
The what is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory in integration of sensory information, mostly pain, with visceral responses?
Insula
60
A what will detect increased activity in the brain response to stimuli?
Functional MRI

Physiology Ch. 5,6,7 & 8 (1 decks)

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