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1
Q

Guaifenesin is most often used in horses and cattle to provide:

A

Muscle Relaxation

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2
Q

What area of the cerebrum is responsible for the higher processing and awareness of pain?

A

Somatosensory cortex

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3
Q

The intermediate zones of the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata help to

A

transmit and project painful stimulations.

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4
Q

The deltoid tuberosity is located on which of the following bones of the horse?

A

Humerus

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5
Q

Which of the following best describes the use for Doppler ultrasound?

A

Doppler is used to image the flow of blood and other liquids as well as to measure their velocity

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6
Q

M-mode or motion mode is used simultaneously with B-mode to display the

A

motion of the tissues over a two-dimensional scale.

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7
Q

B-mode or brightness mode is used to display the

A

different shades of gray.

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8
Q

Which of the following is the ideal way to assess ventilation in the horse?

A

Blood Gas analysis

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9
Q

Viruses are best described as:

A

Obligatory intracellular parasites
“non-free-living”

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10
Q

Attrition is the

A

active or passive wear of the tooth surface either by chewing, by biting, or when there is close contact with another tooth.

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11
Q

All of the following are considered benefits of using skin staples except:

A

Staples are most cost effective

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12
Q

Which of the following inhalants cannot be used safely in ruminants?

A

Nitrous oxide b/c it will cause bloat and diffusion hypoxia.

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13
Q

Which of the following is least likely to cause vaccine failure?

A

Improper route of administration

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14
Q

You are preparing for an emergency German shepherd patient presenting with a suspected GDV. It will likely require emergency surgery soon after arrival. In preparing for the procedure, where you are going to place the IV catheter?

A

Large-bore catheter in the jugular vein

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15
Q

A healthy, adult, small-breed dog is presented to the veterinary practice for a wellness exam. At what point does one become concerned about an elevated heart rate?

A

250 beats/mi

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16
Q

Which of the following antiseptics are considered choice oral rinses for horses?

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate b/c Chlorhexidine acetate will irritate the MM

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17
Q

Which of the following contains receptor cells for hearing?

A

Organ of Corti

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18
Q

Which of the following is a neuroactive steroid anesthetic?

A

Alfaxalone; that produces hypnosis and muscle relaxation by enhancing the inhibitory effect of GABA on the GABA receptor chloride channel complex

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the special senses?

A

Proprioception

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20
Q

Grooves on bones that allow tendons to act as pulleys are known as:

A

Trochlea

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21
Q

Fossa is a

A

hollow or depressed area on a bone

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22
Q

Ligaments connect

A

one bone to another bone

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23
Q

Epicondyle is a

A

projection of bone on the lateral

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24
Q

Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint?

A

Forelimb from the body

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25
If the angle of tilt of a bird's wing is greater than _______, then lift is reduced.
15 degress
26
At ___ degrees the bird is still able to have lift.
5 Degrees
27
Which of the following increases the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, while encouraging muscle relaxation? It is used to encourage the breakdown and mobilization of adhesions in damaged tissues, soften fascia, and prevent injury.
Petrissage
28
Effleurage is a
gentle form of massage that should be used before other forms of physical therapy, and it familiarizes the animal to being touched
29
Percussion involves
gently tapping the skin with the palm or the side of the hand, and large areas of muscle can be treated in this way
30
Vibration is a
useful technique in which a group of muscles is slowly moved in a to-and-fro movement or by holding the paw to stimulate the whole limb. Vibration is useful at the end of a massage session because it relaxes the muscles.
31
Which of the following options is not a ketone?
Ketoacetone
32
What are the 3 ketones
1. Acetoacetate 2. Beta-hydroxybutyrate 3. Acetone
33
Which of the following tests is not included in a routine CBC?
Reticulocyte count
34
Via what structure do ureters carry urine to the outside of the body in birds?
Cloaca
35
Which of the following is the most common and largest space used for subcutaneous fluid administration in the avian patient?
Inguinal area
36
What type of needle is recommended for an epidural catheter?
Tuohy-type
37
Which of the following is a potential complication for a patient anesthetized for a myelogram?
Seizures
38
Calf scours is common among young dairy and beef calves, and it is characterized by:
Diarrhea
39
Muscle weakness in calves is known
white muscle disease
40
What does "buffering the solution" refer to?
Creating a neutral solution with the pH close to 7
41
What is the preferred route of fluid administration in a critically ill animal?
IV
42
For patients that have to be hospitalized long term, what is meant by keeping them in a "physiologic position"?
Sternal recumbency with head elevated
43
The _________ is the second largest portion of the brain.
Cerebellum
44
The ____ is the largest portion of the brain.
cerebrum
45
The corpus callosum (Brain) is the
bundle of nerve fibers that connect the right and left hemisphere of the cerebrum.
46
The cortex is the
outer layer of nervous tissue in the brain
47
In the kidney, the primary site of action for ADH is in the:
Collecting ducts
48
Where do the epaxial muscles lie?
Dorsal to the transverse process of the vertebrae
49
Which of the following statements is the correct definition of rapport?
Mutual trust or emotional relationship that exists among team members
50
The effectiveness of a surgical scrub of the hands and arms with a bactericidal soap depends on the:
Combination of contact time and scrubbing action
51
The reproductive organ in the male lizard consists of:
Paired hemipenes: testicles are internal
52
All of the following sutures have a degree of capillarity, except?
Polypropylene
53
The parasite that lives on the skin's surface is:
Chorioptes species
54
Demodex species live in the
hair follicles.
55
Sarcoptes species
burrow into the skin
56
Otodectes species live
in the external ear canal of dogs and cats
57
Bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in a common over-the-counter (OTC) preparation used for some types of gastrointestinal disease, to what effect?
Antidiarrheic
58
Which of the following will help prevent motion artifacts?
high milliamperage should be used, which produces the shortest exposure time
59
Lower milliamperage creates
longer exposure time and thus does not help with motion artifacts
60
The kVp is used to obtain the
correct penetration to provide for the best gray scale of the area of interest.
61
What class of drugs generally poses the greatest potential health threat to those handling the medication?
Antineoplastic
62
Antineoplastics are used to treat cancer and can be
teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic
63
What is the average weight of an adult pot bellied pig?
120LB
64
Which of the following statements defines balanced anesthesia?
Administration of multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities than would be required if each were administered alone
65
How long must instruments be aerated for (after ethylene oxide gas sterilization) before they can be used?
7 days
66
In dogs, normal doses of opioids generally produce all of the following except:
excitement
67
Normal scissor occlusion occurs when the maxillary fourth premolars occlude:
Buccally to the mandibular first molar
68
What parasite causes a very pruritic disease in dogs?
Sarcoptes
69
Which of the following reflexes should always be present in patients under anesthesia?
Corneal reflex
70
Ear canal ablation refers to:
Surgical removal and closure of the external ear canal
71
What is the most useful way to report WBC differential results?
As absolute numbers
72
What is the function of a vaporizer?
To deliver safe and effective levels of anesthetic gas
73
Which of the following drugs causes a dose-dependent vasodilation?
Isoflurane
74
Morphine has a strong tendency to cause physical dependency or addiction in humans. What is the classification of morphine in the United States and Canada?
Schedule II
75
Whats a schedule 1 drug
Herion
76
whats a schedule 3 drug
buprenorphine
77
Yohimbine is an alpha-2 antagonist used to reverse
xylazine
78
Flumazenil reverses
benzodiazepines
79
Naloxone reverses
mu agonist opioids
80
What is the MAC value of isoflurane in the dog?
1.28
81
Which of the following dogs has a mesaticephalic head?
Beagle: head is normal and average
82
The inner ear consists of the
cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals
83
The middle ear consists of the
tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, and stapes.
84
Phimosis refers to
the inability to extend the penis,
85
Priapism refers to
the persistent erection of the penis
86
Paraphimosis refers to
the idiopathic protrusion of the nonerect penis with the inability to retract it.
87
The gestational period of rabbits is
28–32 days
88
The gestational period for the chinchilla is
111 days
89
The gestational period for guinea pigs is
63 days
90
The gestational period for mice is
19-21 days
91
Which of the following will decrease the efficacy of lidocaine when used to address cardiac arrhythmias?
Hypokalemia
92
Alpha-tocopherol is also known as:
Vitamin E
93
A reported side effect of fluoroquinolone administration (Baytril) in cats given SID dosing at a higher dosing schedule is:
Retinal damage
94
Which of these tissues is not a normal site for drugs to accumulate to be released later, thereby prolonging the effect of the drug?
Pancreas
95
The active drug in ProHeart is moxidectin, and it is a member of which drug class?
Milbemycin
96
If a surgical incision is dehiscing, the discharge, if present, is most likely:
Serosanguineous
97
Which of the following is an absorbable suture material?
Polydioxanone
98
Which of the following does not describe a type of surgical scissors?
Lembert
99
Peripheral catheters should be monitored frequently and changed every:
72 hrs or 3 days
100

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