Test

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

A general statement about the purpose of the research

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A precise statement about the expected outcome of the investigation

Question 3

Null Hypothesis

Answer 3

A statement stating that no difference will be found between variables in the research

Question 4

Directional Hypothesis

Answer 4

A hypothesis which is specific in stating what the effect will be between variables

Question 5

Non Directional Hypothesis

Answer 5

A hypothesis which states that there will be an effect however is does not state exactly what the effect will be

Question 6

Independent Variable

Answer 6

Something that the experimenter manipulates or changes and is assumed to have an effect on the DV

Question 7

Dependent Variable

Answer 7

A variable that is affected by the changes in the independent variable.

Question 8

Extraneous Variables

Answer 8

Any variable other than the independent variable that could have an effect on the dependent variable and therefore influence results – extra to the research

Question 9

Confounding Variables

Answer 9

A variable that varies systematically with the IV

Question 10

Participants Variables

Answer 10

A form of extraneous variable

Question 11

Situational Variables

Answer 11

A form of extraneous variable

Question 12

Experimenter Variables

Answer 12

A form of extraneous variable

Question 13

Bias

Answer 13

Some form of distortion so that we do not get a clear reflection of the attitude or behaviour being studied

Question 14

Representative

Answer 14

A group that is a true reflection of that overall population

Question 15

Standardised Procedure

Answer 15

Ensuring all steps and instructions of the research are kept exactly the same for all participants

Question 16

Counterbalancing

Answer 16

Balancing out order effects - used with repeated measures.
Split the sample into two.
Group 1 does tasks A then B
Group 2 does tasks B then A

Question 17

Demand Characteristics

Answer 17

Anything the experimenter does or any piece of equipment whereby participants are able to discover the purpose of the research and therefore change their behaviour.

Question 18

Double Blind

Answer 18

The participant nor the experimenter know what condition they are in

Question 19

Single Blind

Answer 19

The participant is unaware of which condition they are in

Question 20

Inter-rater Reliability

Answer 20

Two separate experiments complete and document the same research. They then check the have the same results.

Question 21

Order Effects

Answer 21

Any differences in results due to the order that the experimental tasks are presented in

Question 22

Independent Measures Design

Answer 22

One group does task, another group does another – each participant only takes part in one condition

Question 23

Repeated Measures Design

Answer 23

The whole group does one task and then the other – each participant takes part in all conditions

Question 24

Matched Pairs Design

Answer 24

It is independent measures however the groups are deliberately balanced.

Question 25

Target Population

Answer 25

The whole group with which the study is concerned - a sample will be taken from here.

Question 26

Systematic Sampling

Answer 26

Every nth person on a list is selected to take part in the study.

Question 27

Random Sampling

Answer 27

Participants all have the same chance of being selected (e.g. names out of a hat)

Question 28

Opportunity Sampling

Answer 28

Individuals that are available to the researcher at the time.

Question 29

Volunteer Sampling (Self- selecting)

Answer 29

Individuals that put themselves forward to participate in the research.

Question 30

Stratified Sampling

Answer 30

The population is divided into sub groups. The sample must be representative of those sub groups

Question 31

Informed Consent

Answer 31

All participants must fully understand and agree to participate in the research

Question 32

Deception

Answer 32

Lying or hiding the true purpose of the research

Question 33

Right to Withdraw

Answer 33

Participants can stop or leave the research at any time, including withdrawing their data once the study is complete.

Question 34

Confidentiality

Answer 34

All participants personal details must not be shared.

Question 35

Protection from harm

Answer 35

All participants have the right to be protected from any physical or psychological harm throughout the study

Question 36

Debrief

Answer 36

Following the research all participants should be told the true aims of the study and any harm or distress must be dealt with