Test

Question 1

What is one cause of social class differences in education?

Answer 1

In-school factors such as labelling

Labelling can influence student performance and expectations set by teachers.

Question 2

Who conducted research on labelling and its effects on student achievement?

Answer 2

Rosenthal and Jacobson

Their study highlighted how teachers’ expectations can impact student performance.

Question 3

What phenomenon occurs when a student internalizes the expectations set by their teachers?

Answer 3

Self-fulfilling prophecy

This occurs when students perform according to the expectations that have been set for them.

Question 4

What is a key factor that may lead to underachievement in students from lower social classes?

Answer 4

Material deprivation

Material deprivation refers to the lack of resources that can hinder educational achievement.

Question 5

How do teachers’ expectations affect students from disadvantaged backgrounds?

Answer 5

They often receive less attention and support

This can lead to a cycle of underachievement due to lowered expectations.

Question 6

What term describes the labeling of working-class students as uninterested or less capable?

Answer 6

Negative labelling

This can contribute to a perception that these students are destined to underachieve.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The process where students conform to labels given by teachers is known as _______.

Answer 7

self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 8

True or False: All children accept the labels given to them by teachers.

Answer 8

False

Not all children who are labelled will accept or conform to those labels.

Question 9

What is a significant barrier to success for working-class students, according to some arguments?

Answer 9

Negative labelling by teachers

Such labels can create a cycle of low expectations and underachievement.

Question 10

What is the concept of educational triage?

Answer 10

The idea that teachers prioritize students deemed more likely to succeed for support

This can lead to neglect of students who may need help but are perceived as less likely to pass.

Question 11

Who are the authors mentioned in relation to streaming in education?

Answer 11

Gillbom and Youden

They discuss the implications of streaming on educational outcomes.

Question 12

What impact does streaming have on students from different social classes?

Answer 12

Students from lower social classes may receive less support compared to their more privileged peers

This can lead to poorer academic outcomes for these students.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Students are expected to reach _______ and might not get the same support as their more privileged peers.

Answer 13

a passing grade

Question 14

True or False: Educational streaming benefits all students equally.

Answer 14

False

Streaming often disadvantages students from lower socio-economic backgrounds.

Question 15

What is one consequence of educational streaming mentioned in the text?

Answer 15

It can lead to poorer academic outcomes for students from lower social classes

This is due to the lack of support compared to their privileged peers.

Question 16

How does cultural factors influence educational outcomes?

Answer 16

Parents’ attitudes can significantly impact students’ performance and expectations

Cultural factors play a crucial role in shaping educational success.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The idea of educational triage suggests that teachers may neglect _______ students.

Answer 17

students who are less likely to succeed

Question 18

What is the expected result for students in lower social classes due to streaming?

Answer 18

They may receive poorer academic outcomes

This is often a result of unequal support and resources.

Question 19

What does the term ‘streaming’ refer to in an educational context?

Answer 19

Grouping students based on perceived ability or likelihood to succeed

This can lead to differentiated educational experiences.

Question 20

What is the term used for the social influences that impact educational outcomes?

Answer 20

Social factors

Social factors can include family background, community influences, and peer pressure.

Question 21

What are the identities that affect individuals in the educational system?

Answer 21

Nine identities

These identities can include race, gender, socioeconomic status, and others.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The power to delineate habits as superior is imposed on _______.

Answer 22

Others

Question 23

What is the impact of middle-class habits on education?

Answer 23

Middle-class habits are often viewed as superior

This can lead to the marginalization of lower socioeconomic groups in educational settings.

Question 24

True or False: External factors have no influence on individual educational choices.

Answer 24

False

External factors, such as societal expectations and peer pressure, can significantly influence educational choices.

Question 25

What is the consequence of children perceiving themselves as inferior in educational settings?

Answer 25

Self-elimination ## Footnote Children may withdraw from educational opportunities if they feel inferior.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The concept of _______ refers to the pressures that might lead individuals to feel unwanted in educational environments.

Answer 26

Violence

Question 27

What role does personal motivation play in educational success?

Answer 27

Personal motivation can vary and influence outcomes ## Footnote Individual determination and external factors both play significant roles in educational success.

Question 28

What is the relationship between societal perceptions and educational achievement?

Answer 28

Societal perceptions can dictate the value placed on different educational paths ## Footnote This can affect the aspirations and achievements of individuals from various backgrounds.

Question 29

What is the significance of wearing certain attire in school environments?

Answer 29

Attire can influence social dynamics and perceptions of belonging ## Footnote For example, students may face ridicule or exclusion based on their clothing choices.

Question 30

What educational setting is often associated with the influence of middle-class norms?

Answer 30

Grammar schools ## Footnote These schools often reflect and reinforce middle-class values and expectations.

Question 31

Labelling

Answer 31

Point-Labeling as stated in item A Evidence-Becker, Rosethal and jacobsen Becker-60 highschool students teacher mad judgements from what theh thought the ideal pupil was. Students were then labelled based and class and appearence. This caused a self fuffiling prophecy as pupils internalized it Dunne and Gazeley found that teachers normalised underachievement in working class and labelled them as disinterested Criticism -Deterministic, material deprivation is more important ad poor clothing and appearance is how the lavel is created. Some say this is a larger barrier

Question 32

Setting and streaming

Answer 32

Gillborn and youdell, educational triage League tables cause teacher to prioritize those who are on the C/D grade however due to bias they normally focus only on the middle class Those in lower streams are seen as hopeless cases Even in the middle sets with a mix of social classes the middle class are prioritized Criticism - Outdated now introduce progress 8 meaning students are expected to reach their individual target grade instead of passing grade Some would argue cultural factors like parents attitudes or more important

Question 33

Internal and external factors

Answer 33

Some studies look at external and internal factors are inter-related Archer- School follows middle class habitus as middle class have the ruling power to define its havitus as superior while working class is inferior.This causes underachievement because working class may see school as not for the likes of them and choose self elimination or self exclusion actively choosing to reject it Ingram studied group of w/c boys one from grammar one from local. Callum was ridiculed for wearing a tracksuit .This causes underachievement as it shows middle class push a message of violence and unwantedness towards stufents promoting education isnt for them. Strength most recent very up to date deterministic