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Unit 5 Social Studies > Test > Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the Bessemer process?

A

In 1856 Henry Bessemer devised a way of converting iron into steel on a large scale
his invention involved blowing air through molten iron in a converter, or furnace, in order to burn off the excess carbon
his invention revolutionize the industrial age

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1
Q

What were the factors for industrial growth?

A

Factors for industrial growth
natural resources, capital (gold, silver and banking)
US government support
desire: creative inventors and industrialists, transportation system, labor force (immigrants)

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2
Q

What were some Gilded age inventions?

A

Some gilded age inventions were the skyscraper, subway, telephone, automobile, lightbulb, motion pictures

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3
Q

What was laissez faire?

A

The laissez faire was an economic belief supported by the US that opposes the government regulating business.
In the late 1800s businesses operated without much government regulation is known as laissez faire economics
The laissez faire means ‘allowed to be’ for the government stays out of a person’s business in French
The laissez faire supports our economic system of capitalism

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4
Q

What are capitalism and Socialism?

A

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private property ownership
Socialism is an economic system based on cooperation rather than competition

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5
Q

What does rags to riches mean?

A

Rags to riches means that some big businessman started out with little and became much greater

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6
Q

What were labor union strategies?

A

Strikes, boycotting, collective-bargaining, violence

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7
Q

What are strikes?

A

One method for having demands met. workers stop working until the conditions are met. This a very effective form of attack.

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8
Q

What Is boycotting?

A

Boycotting is when people refuse to buy company’s product until the company meets demands.

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9
Q

What Is collective-bargaining?

A

Collective bargaining is a type of negotiation between an employer and labor union where they sit down face to face and discuss better wages, Etc.

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10
Q

What is violence?

A

Violence is a harsh way that employees try make their employers meet demands

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11
Q

What are big business strategy?

A

Big business strategies are Yellowdog contracts, blacklisting, violence.

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12
Q

What are yellow dog contracts?

A

Yellow dog contracts is a written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company.

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13
Q

What is blacklisting?

A

Blacklisting is a list of people disliked by business owners because they were leaders in the union. Often would lose their jobs, beaten up, or even killed.

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14
Q

Who were Knights of labor?

A

Knights of labor were a labor union who sought to organize workers their goals were to end land grants to the railroads, prohibition of child laborers under 14, and gender equality and pay.

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15
Q

What are trusts and monopolies?

A

Trust and monopolies are companies and related fields combined under the direction of a single Board of Trustees.

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16
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

Horizontal integration is buying out rivaled businesses to gain more control of an industry

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17
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

Vertical integration is gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product production

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18
Q

Who are captains of industry?

A

Big businesses provide a job strengthen the economy improved technology and donated money to universities charities etc.

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19
Q

Who are robber barons?

A

Robber barons are tycoons that part out small businesses, for monopolies and cartels, and swindled the poor

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20
Q

What is social Darwinism?

A

Social Darwinists believe that company struggled for the survival in the economic world and the government should not temper with this natural process

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21
Q

What is the Gospel of wealth?

A

The Gospel well stated that wealth was no longer looked upon as bad it was viewed as a sign of God’s approval and it was the Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

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22
Q

Who is Carnegie?

A

Steel

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23
Q

Who is Rockerfeller?

A

Oil

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24
Who is JP Morgan?
Banking
25
Who is Vanderbilt?
Railroads
26
What were new immigrants origins?
They came from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Greece, Poland, Hungary and Russia.
27
What were the push and pull factors of the new immigrants?
``` Push factors were war famine political and religious persecution Land shortages crowding pull factors were plentiful land employment religious freedom political freedom new life ```
28
What was Ellis Island?
Ellis Island was built in 1892 as the first immigration center the goal was to screen immigrants coming from Europe
29
What was Angel Island?
Angel Island opened in 1910 and it was a way for immigrants to get into the United States most of the immigrants were Chinese and Asian
30
What was the Chinese exclusion act?
The Chinese exclusion act happened in 1873 and depression made work scarce and natives resented the Chinese laborers who would work for less pay 1882 Congress restricted the immigration of the Chinese into America it was not repealed until 1943
31
What was nativism?
Nativism is favoritism towards native born Americans
32
Who was Eugene v debs?
He was the founder of the Socialist party in the US he tried to overthrow the existing Laissez faire system he believes in Government ownership of business and capital government controls production set wages prices and distributes the goods no profit or competition runs for the presidency several times and loses
33
What was the railroad strike of 1877?
The great railroad strike of 1877 began on July 16, when Ralwood workers for the Baltimore and Ohio railroad staged a spontaneous strike after yet another wage cut. After Pres. Rutherford Hayes sent federal troops to West Virginia to save the nation from insurrection, the strikes right across the nation.
34
What was the Haymarket strike?
The Haymarket riot 1866 Chicago, Illinois workers went on strike for an eight hour workday
35
What was the Homestead steel strike?
Workers went on strike for higher wages. Management refused to negotiate and locked out the workers, however the workers broken into control the mail. Management hired the Pinkerton police, which is a private security force, to take control back. 300 Pinkertons arrived by barge and were greeted by the workers. For 12 hours a battle ensued. The end result was the Pinkertons surrendered.
36
What was the Pullman strike?
1893, and Chicago wages of employees cut without a decrease in living costs in the company town. This strike led to a nationwide strike, halting railroad traffic.
37
What was the cause and effect of urbanization?
The causes of urbanization were jobs opportunities for women, money, education, entertainment.
38
What are the effects of urbanization?
The affects of urbanization are tenament homes terrible conditions and low-paid jobs
39
What are tenement houses?
Tenant houses are low-cost multi family housing designed to fit in as many families as possible.
40
What were the conditions in cities?
Cities had no pipe water or indoor plumbing there were many were open debtors and factory smoke out in the street you're very dirty unsanitary they had a bunch of crime and many fire hazards
41
What was urban sprawl?
Urban sprawl was with urbanization became bigger and had more problem
42
What is mass culture with examples?
Mass culture is similar cultural patterns in a society some examples are compulsory schools, increase literary rate, college for women and African-Americans.
43
What were the conditions in factories?
Some conditions in the factories where they were small hot dark dirty workhouses they were poorly lit overheated and badly ventilated an example of this is a call miners job because it's barely lit and called us gets into your eyes and on your face
44
What were company towns?
How many pounds working me is on by the business where workers lived.
45
What was the populist movement?
The populist movement was where they were fighting for workers rights and for soft currency
46
Who was William Jennings Bryan and his cross of gold speech?
William Jennings Bryan was a gifted speaker, law year, three-time presidential candidate, and devout Protestant Brian made his career in Nebraska politics. He is most known for the cross of gold speech this speech highlighted the populace dance and a strong position on the issue of the gold standard
47
What was the gold versus silver standard debate?
This was a debate on whether to back our money up by gold or silver
48
What is inflation and deflation?
Deflation lowers the value of goods and inflation raises the value of good
49
What is progressivism?
Progressivism is a movement based on the idea that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice
50
Who are muckrakers?
A muckraker is a writer or journalist who exposes the problems of society in order to bring about reform
51
Who is Upton Sinclair and what is the jungle?
Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who wrote the book called the jungle this book talked about working conditions for immigrants; unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants
52
Who is Jacob Riis and how the other half lives?
He is a muckraker who wrote have the other half lives which talks about poor living conditions and tenements
53
What is Plessy versus Ferguson?
Plus he versus Ferguson happened in 1896 which stated that everyone should be separate but equal
54
Who was W E B Dubois?
He was a man who disagreed with Washington and wanted blacks to demand full equality.
55
Who are the NAACP?
The NAACP was founded in 1909 in Springfield, Illinois it was founded by WEB Dubois, either be. Wells, Florence Kelly, and other progressive reformers.
56
What was the interstate commerce act?
This was when the US government regulated interstate trade within the country
57
What was the Sherman antitrust act?
Sherman antitrust act in 1890 was the first law to monitor business practices and limit the power of big businesses.
58
Who was Teddy Roosevelt?
Teddy Roosevelt was a muckraking progressive president he saw the problems of the Gilded Age and sought widespread Government Reform
59
What was the square deal?
This square deal was to keep the wealthy from taking advantage of the poor and small business owners.
60
What was trust busting?
Trust busting was developed by Teddy Roosevelt to use for breaking up monopolies
61
What was the triangle shirt waist factory fire?
This was the largest workplace accident and New York City's history it was also the deadliest
62
What was the 16th amendment?
The 16th amendment happened in 1913 for progressive tax income based
63
What was the 17th amendment?
1913 direct election of Senators goal to end corruption
64
What was the 18th amendment?
1919 to 1920 temperance Prohibition to ban sale and distribution of intoxicating liquors
65
What was the 19th amendment?
The 19th amendment was 1920 women's suffrage by the right to vote key suffragettes are Susan B Anthony Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman cat

Unit 5 Social Studies (1 decks)

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