test

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Question 2

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are primarily made up of _____.

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 4

The region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Question 5

Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity?

Answer 5

The color of the enzyme

Question 6

What is the role of a substrate in enzyme activity?

Answer 6

The substrate is the reactant that an enzyme acts upon.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common enzyme in the human body?

Answer 7

Amylase

Question 8

What is the significance of the enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 8

It is the intermediate formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate, leading to a chemical reaction.

Question 9

True or False: Enzymes can function at a wide range of temperatures.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is enzyme specificity?

Answer 10

The tendency of an enzyme to catalyze only one specific reaction or type of reaction.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Enzymes can be affected by _____, which can lead to denaturation.

Answer 11

pH levels

Question 12

What are coenzymes?

Answer 12

Organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 13

Catalase

Question 14

What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Answer 14

Enzyme activity generally increases with temperature up to a certain point, after which it decreases due to denaturation.

Question 15

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is enzyme inhibition?

Answer 16

A process in which a molecule reduces or stops the activity of an enzyme.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Competitive inhibitors bind to the _____ of an enzyme.

Answer 17

Active site

Question 18

What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?

Answer 18

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, while non-competitive inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds elsewhere on the enzyme.

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect enzyme activity?

Answer 19

The color of the substrate

Question 20

What are allosteric sites?

Answer 20

Sites on an enzyme where molecules can bind, causing a change in enzyme activity.

Question 21

True or False: Enzymes can be reused multiple times.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is the role of temperature in enzyme denaturation?

Answer 22

Excessive heat can disrupt the hydrogen bonds and other interactions that maintain the enzyme’s structure, leading to loss of function.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The _____ model describes how enzymes and substrates fit together.

Answer 23

Induced fit

Question 24

What is the function of ribozymes?

Answer 24

They are RNA molecules that can catalyze chemical reactions, similar to enzymes.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of an enzyme?

Answer 25

Lipase

Question 26

What effect does a high concentration of substrate have on enzyme activity?

Answer 26

It can increase the rate of reaction until the enzyme becomes saturated.

Question 27

Hva er arv?

Answer 27

Når DNA blir nedarvet fra foreldre (P-generasjon) til avkommet (F-generasjon) ## Footnote Arv er grunnleggende i genetikk og beskriver hvordan egenskaper overføres fra foreldre til avkom.

Question 28

Definer genetikk.

Answer 28

Læren om hvordan egenskaper går i arv ## Footnote Genetikk studerer også hvordan gener påvirker organismer og deres egenskaper.

Question 29

Hva er et gen?

Answer 29

Et område på et kromosom som inneholder informasjon om hvordan et protein skal bygges opp ## Footnote Gener er grunnleggende enheter for arv og fungerer som instruksjoner for cellene.

Question 30

Hva er kromatin?

Answer 30

Sammensetning av DNA og proteiner som pakkes i kjernen ## Footnote Kromatin dannes når DNA kveiles rundt histoner til nukleosomer.

Question 31

Hva er et kromosom?

Answer 31

Et stort DNA-molekyl som inneholder hundrevis eller tusenvis av gener ## Footnote Kromosomer finnes som lange kromatintråder i cellens syklus, men tar en kort og tykk stavform ved celledeling.

Question 32

Definer homologe kromosomer.

Answer 32

Kromosomer som inneholder den samme informasjonen ## Footnote JENTER: 23 homologe kromosompar; GUTTER: 22 homologe kromosompar + 1 kjønnskromosompar.

Question 33

Hva er søsterkromatider?

Answer 33

To identiske DNA-kopier som henger sammen etter replikasjon ## Footnote Søsterkromatider skiller lag ved celledeling.

Question 34

Hva betyr locus?

Answer 34

Selve posisjonen til et gen på et kromosom ## Footnote Lokus er viktig for å forstå genets plassering og funksjon.

Question 35

Definer allel.

Answer 35

Forskjellige utgaver (genvarianter) av samme gen ## Footnote Alleler kan være dominante eller recessive.

Question 36

Hva er et genpar?

Answer 36

Alleler fra hvert sitt homologe kromosom ## Footnote Genpar er grunnleggende for å forstå arv og genetisk variasjon.

Question 37

Hva er fenotype?

Answer 37

Egenskapene/trekkene til en organisme ## Footnote Fenotype er resultatet av genotype og miljøpåvirkninger.

Question 38

Definer genotype.

Answer 38

Oversikt over allelene til en organisme ## Footnote Genotype forkortes ofte med bokstaver som AA eller Aa.

Question 39

Hva er homozygot?

Answer 39

To like alleler i et genpar – AA eller aa ## Footnote Homozygote individer har ensartede gener for en bestemt egenskap.

Question 40

Hva er heterozygot?

Answer 40

To ulike alleler i et genpar – Aa ## Footnote Heterozygote individer har varierte gener for en bestemt egenskap.

Question 41

Definer diploide celler.

Answer 41

Celler som har parvise (2n) kromosomer ## Footnote De fleste kroppsceller er diploide.

Question 42

Hva er haploide celler?

Answer 42

Celler som har enkeltvise (n) kromosomer ## Footnote Kjønnsceller er haploide celler.

Question 43

Hva er monohybrid arv?

Answer 43

Arv av 1 egenskap ## Footnote Monohybrid arv studerer hvordan en enkelt egenskap overføres.

Question 44

Definer dihybrid arv.

Answer 44

Arv av 2 egenskaper ## Footnote Dihybrid arv involverer to ulike genpar.

Question 45

Hva er polyhybrid arv?

Answer 45

Arv av flere egenskaper ## Footnote Polyhybrid arv kan involvere komplekse interaksjoner mellom mange gener.