test Flashcards
(42 cards)
positive effects of globalisation and examples
Economic growth and access to markets, Cultural exchange and diversity, Better education opportunities. Promotion of human rights and social movements. examples: K-pop’s global popularity has made Korean music, fashion, and food known worldwide, increasing cultural exchange and soft power for South Korea.
negative effects of globalisation and examples
Cultural homogenization, Unequal distribution of benefits. examples: Global fast-food chains like McDonald’s and Starbucks dominate local markets, threatening traditional food cultures (e.g., in Italy or France).
glocalisation and examples.
Glocalisation is a combination of globalisation and localisation.
It refers to how global products, services, or brands are adapted to fit local cultures, tastes, and preferences. It means “think globally, act locally.”example: McDonald’s
Global Brand, Local Menu Adaptations: India: No beef burgers.
Netflix
Global Platform, Local Content
Example: Producing local shows like Sacred Games (India), La Casa de Papel (Spain), and Squid Game (South Korea
How do ideas like textual poaching or semiotic resistance illustrate people`s participation in culture?
Both textual poaching and semiotic resistance show that people are not passive consumers but active participants in shaping, challenging, and transforming culture, using mainstream media as raw material for their own creativity, identity expression, or political critique.
Textual Poaching (by Henry Jenkins)
Definition:
The idea that audiences are not passive consumers but active participants who ‘poach’ texts, reinterpret them, and make them their own.
How it shows participation:
People take media created by others (TV shows, books, films) and reinterpret, rewrite, remix
Semiotic Resistance
Definition:
Audiences resist dominant or intended meanings in media texts and instead read them in their own way, often critically or politically.
How it shows participation:
Viewers or readers challenge, reinterpret, or subvert the dominant messages, turning media into a site of struggle over meaning.
standardisation of cultural goods and examples of its effects on culture
refers to the process where cultural products—such as music, films, literature, and art—are mass-produced. effects: Loss of cultural diversity: Local or unique cultural expressions may disappear or be overshadowed by global mainstream products; Creation of a ‘global consumer culture’
People around the world consume the same brands, fashion trends, and entertainment, leading to similar lifestyles and tastes;
emphasised femininity, example
Emphasised femininity refers to a form of femininity that accommodates and reinforces male dominance. This kind of femininity supports male power, instead of challenging it. example; Old Disney Princesses (like Cinderella, Snow White) They are quiet, kind, and wait for a prince to rescue them. They are not shown as strong or independent;
hegemonic masculinity and example
It’s the most accepted or “ideal” way of being a man in a society.It means being: Strong,Tough, Dominant
This idea supports men having more power than women and also puts pressure on men who don’t fit this tough, dominant image. example: Action Movie Heroes (like James Bond, Superman, or Fast & Furious characters)
These men are shown as:
Always brave and fearless.
Physically strong and able to fight.
techniques of the body and examples and relevance to cs.
(by Marcel Mauss), introduced the idea that the way we use our bodies (walking, sitting, eating, swimming, etc.) is learned through culture, not just natural. example:Eating manners
Example:
Using hands to eat in India vs. using chopsticks in China vs. using knife and fork in Europe.
the characteristic traits of subcultures
Shared Style and Aesthetics, Shared Values and Beliefs, Sense of Belonging, Resistance to Mainstream Culture
Why is it considered important to study subcultures from the perspective of cultural studies?
Studying subcultures from the perspective of cultural studies is important because it helps us understand how culture is shaped and how power, identity, and resistance work in society.
folk devils, examples from contemporary culture
Stanley Cohen, Folk devils are groups or individuals constructed by the media and society as a threat to social norms or values. They are often portrayed negatively, creating moral panic around their behavior. example: Youth Gangs, Immigrants
moral panics, examples from contemporary culture.
Moral panic is when society becomes extremely concerned or fearful about a particular issue or group, often due to exaggerated or distorted media portrayals.
Panic over fentanyl and opioids leads to strict laws,
postsubcultures offer a different understanding of group identity compared to earlier concepts of subcultures?
Postsubcultures reflect a shift in how group identity is understood, where identities are more fluid, flexible, and individualized, and don’t necessarily reject mainstream culture.
Earlier Subcultures emphasized strong collective identity (e.g., the punk movement as a unified force).
Postsubcultures focus on individual identity that can be fluid and adaptable.
Earlier Subcultures often defined themselves in opposition to mainstream culture, challenging societal norms and rejecting conformity.
Postsubcultures may not actively oppose mainstream culture but instead adapt to it, remixing elements of it to create new identities.
scene offer a different understanding of group identity compared to earlier concepts of subcultures?
Scene- short lived group of people who share interests in music, art. They dint have strong beliefs. focus more on enjoying activities without necessarily going against the mainstream.
subculture - tend to last longer, challenge mainstream culture
tribe offer a different understanding of group identity compared to earlier concepts of subcultures?
by focusing on shared experiences, values, and a sense of belonging rather than strict opposition to the mainstream. A tribe often defined by shared interests Membership in a tribe can be more fluid
lifestyles offer a different understanding of group identity compared to earlier concepts of subcultures?
subcultures are about resistance to mainstream values, lifestyles are about living according to personal preferences and interests. Lifestyles are based on individual choices that define a person’s identity
body idiom
the way people in a culture use, understand, and treat the human body.
It includes how people move, dress, show emotions, and what is seen as normal, beautiful, or respectful.
commodity fetishism
is a concept from Karl Marx’s critique of capitalism. It describes how people see commodities (products) as having value on their own, rather than recognizing the human labor behind them.
conspicuous consumption
A term by sociologist Thorstein Veblen describing the act of buying goods or services primarily to show off wealth and social status, rather than for personal use or enjoyment.
cultural capital
A concept by Pierre Bourdieu referring to the non-economic social assets (such as education, skills, knowledge, and cultural experiences) that help individuals gain status and power in society.
culture industry
A concept coined by Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, means the way popular culture (like songs, shows, movies) is created and controlled by big companies to entertain people and make money—not always to inspire or educate th
embodiment
how we experience and express things through our bodies. It’s the idea that our thoughts, feelings, identity, and culture don’t just live in our minds—they also show up in and through our bodies
fan studies
s the study of how fans think, feel, and act—especially how they interact with media and with other fans.
gender displays
are the ways people show or perform their gender (like being “masculine” or “feminine”) through their appearance, actions, and behavior.
