Test 2 #1

Question 1

prostate cancer origins

Answer 1

70%-peripheral zone
15-20% Central zone
10-15% transitional zone

Question 2

AIPC

Answer 2

Androgen independent prostate cancer

Question 3

ADPC

Answer 3

Androgen dependent prostate cancer

Question 4

prostate secretions are ____% of semen volume

Answer 4

30%

Question 5

__% of prostate cancer cases are in men over __

Answer 5

90%,65

Question 6

DRE by urologist has a ___% positive predictive value

Answer 6

39%

Question 7

everyman should have his prostate examined DRE and PSA ___ times a year after the age of ___

Answer 7

1x

50 y/o

Question 8

signs of Prostatitis

Answer 8

Fever, Chills, Malaise, Urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, urethral discharge, dull, aching pain in perineal and rectal area

Question 9

O of prostatitis

Answer 9

tender enlargment is acute inflammation of the prostate gland yielding a swollen asymmetric gland that is tender to palpate. Chronic inflammation

Question 10

Signs of BPH

Answer 10

Urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy, straining ot urinate, weak stream, intermittent stream, sensation of incomplete emptying, nocturia

Question 11

O of BPH

Answer 11

symmetric nontender enlargement, commonly occurs in middle years. median sulcus obliterated

Question 12

Signs of Carcinoma

Answer 12

Frequency, nocturia, weak stream, hesitancy, pain or burning on urination, continuous LBP pelvis, thighs

Question 13

O of Carcinoma

Answer 13

malignant neoplasm often starts as a singer hard nodule on the posterior surface, producing asymmetry and change in consistency. Entire gland feels stone hard and fixed.

Question 14

BPH often begins in the ____ zone

Answer 14

transition:often strangles urethra

Question 15

Prostate cancer often begins in the _____ zone and grows outward

Answer 15

peripheral

Question 16

When PSA is greater than ___ng/cu.mm then__% of prostate biopsies reveal prostate cancer

Answer 16

10

66%

Question 17

PSA is between ___ and ___ ng/cu.mm then ___ of prostate biopsies reveal cancer

Answer 17

4-10

22%

Question 18

Free PSA increases more in ____

Answer 18

BPH

Question 19

Protein bound PSA increases more in _____

Answer 19

prostate cancer

Question 20

PSA ____ useful than just the PSA test

Answer 20

density

Question 21

PSA density=

Answer 21

serum PSA lvl divided prostate volume

Question 22

Prostate volume is determined by

Answer 22

transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)

Question 23

25-46% of men with BPH have elevated _____

Answer 23

serum PSA

Question 24

surgical process to enlarge urethra in BPH

Answer 24

Transurethral resection TURP

Question 25

Surgical procedure to enlarge BPH

Answer 25

TUIP- Transurethral incision

Question 26

another possible test (enzyme) for prostate cancer

Answer 26

Prostate Acid Phosphatase

Question 27

technique of freezing prostate sections as a therapy

Answer 27

Cryoablation

Question 28

lowest PSA level achieved after cancer prostate treatment

Answer 28

Nadir

Question 29

__ ng/ml is usually maximum PSA reading to be declared cancer free after cancer treatment

Answer 29

2

Question 30

Clinically significant increase in PSA w/ in a year

Answer 30

.75 ng/ml this is with a PSA velocity test and is more useful than PSA test

Question 31

PSA velocity test is recommended every

Answer 31

18 mo | some say every 3 years

Question 32

radiotherapy treatment with ionizing radiation whose source is applied to the surface of the body or located a short distance from the body area being treated

Answer 32

brachytherapy

Question 33

3 main stages of cancer development

Answer 33

initiation promotion proliferation

Question 34

3 main stages of cancer development: initiation

Answer 34

DNA damage via ionizing radiation, viruses such as HPV, environmental carcinogens, artificial hormones, tobacco,free radicals etc

Question 35

3 main stages of cancer development: Promotion

Answer 35

elevated IGF-1 levels, high consumption of animal fats, dietary deficiencies of protective factors such as vitamins C,D,E, essential fatty acids etc

Question 36

3 main stages of cancer development: Proliferation

Answer 36

prolonged exposure to DHT, various estrogens, agent orange, obesity, high insulin resistance

Question 37

5 alpha reductase does what?

Answer 37

converts TEST to DHT

Question 38

test + 2 H atoms

Answer 38

DHT

Question 39

average prostate cancer tumor doubles every

Answer 39

2-5 years

Question 40

prostate cancer is known to spread to the ___ and ___

Answer 40

bones and lowerspine

Question 41

causes of prostates

Answer 41

ascending from urethra direct lymphatic spread from rectum hematogenous spread

Question 42

DRE prostatitis

Answer 42

Warm, boggy, tender palpation

Question 43

urethra ends in an opening in the upper aspect (dorsum) of penis

Answer 43

epispadia

Question 44

Penis does not return to flaccid state: can become a medical emergency

Answer 44

priapism

Question 45

downward/ventral curve of the penis often associated with hypstadia/fibrosis, can be caused by urethral infection

Answer 45

chordee

Question 46

Peyronie's disease

Answer 46

upward/dorsal curvature of the penis fibrosing of connective tissue above the corpus cavarnosum on dorsal aspect of the penis associated with dupuytren's contracture

Question 47

foreskin cannot be fully retracted

Answer 47

phimosis