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TT 404 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulp?

A

very short and fine cellulosic fibers

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2
Q

why do we use pulp in nonwovens

A

inexpensive and very absorbent

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3
Q

what is a composite

A

bringing together of two or more materials, one of which must be a nonwoven

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4
Q

what is a coform

A

marrying of two similar processes

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5
Q

why are nonwovens important in medical textile applications?

A

they can be made from fine fibers which will then give a fiber a high surface area and barrier properties while being breathable

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6
Q

how are nonwovens used in the composite industry

A

mold release fabrics and reinforcing fabrics that improve abrasion resistance, reduce corrosion, improve mechanical properties

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7
Q

why are nonwovens useful in roads and highways

A

they help drain water and protect against frost heaves and cracks due to water freezing

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8
Q

what is the major challenge in window treatments and what is done to correct this problem

A

light fabrics are non uniform and we will use layering and laminates

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9
Q

why is the polypropylene the most used fiber in nonwovens

A

because its density is less than other fibers and you can make more fabric from the same bale compared to other fibers

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10
Q

why are melt blown splitables being widely used in filters

A

they allow u to make very fine fibers and fabrics that will have a variety of pore shapes and size in which to trap particles

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11
Q

5 desirable properties for hygiene applications

A

lightweight, soft and comfortable, skin friendly, flexible, absorbent, breathable

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12
Q

5 desirable properties for crop covers

A

lightweight, water permeable, resistant to mold, uv resistant, air permeable, insect resistant

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13
Q

3 reasons nonwovens suffer in other industries

A

low labor, highly technical, capital intensive

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14
Q

how to make a low density abrasive pad

A

low density web sprayed with or dipped in adhesive that has abrasive particles in it. then heat the treat web to cure and assist particle/web stability

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15
Q

5 properties used in nonwovens analysis

A

fiber orientation, bond to bond distance, mass nonuniformity, number of crossovers, and pore size and shape

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16
Q

2 most important properties of nonwovens analysis and why

A

fiber orientation because it influences all other properties and mass non uniformity affects end us reliability

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17
Q

dry laying web production

A

carding and airlaying

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18
Q

fiber size of air laying

A

short or long fibers

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19
Q

important fiber qualities of an air laying (6)

A
  • right length
  • cohesion
  • flexibility
  • can use about any type of fiber
  • need crimp
  • standard to coarse fibers
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20
Q

uniformity of air-laid webs

A

good if properly opened

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21
Q

problems w airlaying (3)

A
  • air flow leads to variability
  • uniformity is highly dependent on opening
  • fiber entanglement in the airstream can lead to web faults
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22
Q

strengths of airlaying (5)

A
  • isotropic
  • very random
  • high loft and low density
  • broad range of fiber type
  • large range of basis wieght
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23
Q

important fiber qualities of carding (3)

A
  • cohesion
  • crimp
  • length/ not as easy for short fibers
24
Q

problems w carding (5)

A
  • not strong
  • static electricity
  • low fiber to fiber cohesion ‘
  • fiber breakage
  • permanent fiber elognation
25
Q

strength of carding (4)

A
  • the ability to blend fibers together
  • combination of multiple layers
  • wide range of fibers can be carded
  • wide range of basis weight
26
Q

fiber qualities of wet laying (8)

A
  • stronger
  • not seek to bond together
  • any natural or synthetic fiber
  • don’t want it to have a lot of crimp
  • need special chemical on the surface
  • speciality type fibers
  • low surface tension
  • low fiber to fiber tension
27
Q

problems of wet laying (5)

A
  • have problem individulize because they are longer
  • expensive
  • requires a lot of energy
  • need a high-quality fiber
  • cant change from fiber type of fiber type easily
28
Q

strengths of wet laying (3)

A
  • high productivity
  • broad. range of products
  • can change the orientation of the fiber
29
Q

2 different air laying processes and which produces what type of webs

A 
route 1: 
-fiber prep 
-carding 
-bonding or cross lap to stacker 
-
-finishing
route 2:
- stacking to bonding to finishing 
- bonding to finishing
- heavier weight webs
30
Q

why do we need to control fibers in airlaying?

A

so they dont tangle and choke up the machine

31
Q

why do we trim the edges of the web after air laying?

A

since the velcoity on the outside of the machine is not as even as on the inside of the machine

32
Q

6 properties of pulp

A
  • bulk and absorbency
  • softness
  • wet strength
  • value
  • biodegradbale
  • abrasion resistance
33
Q

what are we making in carding?

A

webs not sliver

34
Q

how do we get a uniform web in carding?

A

we are feeding a uniform amount of fiber to the chute

35
Q

what can we do to match the bonding types in carding?

A

change the profile of the web

36
Q

what is tacking?

A

similar to needlepunching just with very small needles and only enough to hold them together enough to move

37
Q

how do we add a higher basis weight and more lofty when carded?

A

cross lap then needlepunch and then caledner to add extra strength and compress the web

38
Q

can we card bi-component fibers

A

yes

39
Q

higher speeds will cause the fibers to do what

A

be more in the machine direction

40
Q

if u run fibers through a traditional card what do u have to do

A

cross lap

41
Q

5 things we expect from a cross laper

A
  • will change fiber orientation
  • increase our basis weight
  • improve uniformity
  • composite type structure
  • increase fabric width
42
Q

what kind of web can we get when cross lapping?

A

a heavier web

43
Q

what does increasing overlaps do when carding

A

improves uniformity and weight

44
Q

what is the BIGGEST problem with cross lapping?

A

lack of uniformity

45
Q

what defects are associated with cross lapping? (3)

A
  • voids: spaces with not an equal amount of fibers
  • creases: if it stalls it creates a crease in the fabric
  • slow
46
Q

after carding, if there’s a general low basis weight what kind of bonding can we do?

A

hydroentangle
thermal bonding
chemical bonding
NO NEEDLE PUNCHING

47
Q

higher basis weight

A

needle punch

48
Q

what is the goal is wet laying?

A

to increase speed

49
Q

what do we want out of wet laying ?

A

flexible and strong

50
Q

important properties of wet laying? (6)

A
  • aspect ration
  • tensile properties
  • flexural resistance
  • length
  • shrinkage
  • density
51
Q

dispersion depends on (4)

A
  • degress of fineness
  • fiber stiffness in aquesous solution
  • fiber crimp
  • fiber wettability
52
Q

in wet laying once we seperate the fibers we need them to do what

A

stay seperated

53
Q

after wet laying what do we have to do and why

A

bond because they dont have any strength

54
Q

what kinds of fabric defects happen in wet laying?

A
  • logs/sticks
  • ropes
  • dumbbells
  • fused fibers
55
Q

how to make a good quality web in wet laying (4)

A

need good agitation
no vortex
fibers need low surface tension
low fiber to fiber tension

56
Q

important fiber properties of wet laying? (6)

A
  • length
  • aspect ratio
  • tensile strength/elognation
  • flex resistance
  • shrinkage
  • density
57
Q

when fiber length is increased in wet laying what happens?(3)

A
  • less uniform
  • tensile strength increases up to a max
  • tear and burst strength increase up to a max

TT 404 (6 decks)

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