Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
superior boundaries of the abdomen are
A
costal rib margin, xiphoid process
2
Q
inferior boundaries of the abdomen are
A
Inguinal ligament
3
Q
lateral boundaries of the abdomen are
A
vertical line from asis to costal margin
4
Q
anterior boundaries of the abdomen is the
A
umbilicus
5
Q
horizontal line at umbilicus and verticle line at linea alba form what
A
quadrants of the abdomen
6
Q
external and internal oblique looks like
A
fan shaped
7
Q
fibers that run inferior and medially can refer to what
A
external oblique
8
Q
origin of the oblique starts at
A
external surfaces of ribs 5-12
9
Q
insertion of the oblique starts at
A
linea alba
10
Q
actions of the external oblique
A
unilateral and bilateral
11
Q
unilateral actions of the external oblique
A
contralateral rotation, lateral flexion
12
Q
bilateral actions of the external oblique
A
forward flexion, compress and support abdominal viscera
13
Q
fibers that run mostly superior and medially refers to the
A
internal oblique
14
Q
thoracolumbar fasica is the orignin of what
A
internal oblique
15
Q
nerves for the internal oblique are the
A
thoracoabdomial nerves
16
Q
ipsilateral rotation and laternal flexion are actions of what
A
unilateral actions of internal obliques
17
Q
foward flexion, compress and support abdominal viscera are actions of what
A
bilateral internal oblique
18
Q
sternal diaphragm
A
2 slips that attach to posterior xiphoid refer to
19
Q
costal part of diaphragm
A
slips attach to internal aspect of inferior 6 costal cartilages and adjoining ribs refer to
20
Q
lumbar part of diaphragm
A
musculotendinous bundles attaching to anterior aspect of bodies refer to
21
Q
central tendon diaphragm
A
top and center of the hood where everything attaches refers to as
22
Q
actions of the diaphragm
A
chief muscle of inspiration (allows air to move into the lungs)
23
Q
psoas major, psoas minor, illiacus are all apart of what
A
posterior wall abdominal muscles
24
Q
psoas minor
A
weak flexor of the lumbar spine
25
iliposas
psoas major and the illicus, strongest of the hip flexors
26
quadratus lumborum
aka hip hiker
27
tendinous insertion
line between rectus abdominis
28
linea similunaris
lateral aspect of rectus abdominus
29
dorsal root
receives infromation
30
ventral root
sends out information
31
spinal cord last to what
coccyx
32
lumbar spine is made up of
5 lumbar vertebra
33
coccyx
serves at attachment point end of spine
34
functions of the vertebral column
transmit force from upper extremities to the pelvic girdle, assist in impact shock, provide motions in all 3 planes.
35
spine consists of a curved stacked of how many vertebreae
33 vertebral
36
regions of the verterbral
7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, 4 small fused coccygeal vertebrae
37
vertebral foramen is made up of
vertebral canal, peicles
38
vertebral processes is made up of
spinous process, transverse processes(2), articular processes(4)
39
bifid spinous, and transverse foramina comes from
cervical vertebrae allows movement of head
40
c1 and c2 refer to as
atlas, axis
41
thoracic vertebrae look like
heart shaped bodies allows 23 1/2 degrees for rotation, has articulations on the side
42
lumbar vertebrae look like
oval bodies, massive bodies, no articulation on the side. articulation is facing inward.
43
lumbar vertebrae creates
stability, and prevention of movement
44
sacral vertebrae look like
fused canal
45
coccygeal vertebrae look like
tailbone, attachment point for muscles and ligaments
46
curvatures of veterbrae
kyphotic curves(exaggerated thoracic curve), lordosis (exaggerated lumbar curves)
47
interverbal disks makes up how much height of the spine
25%
48
annulus fibrosus
outside of intervertebral disc
49
nucleus pulposus
inside of intervertebral disc made up of water
50
parts of intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrous
51
C1 looks like what and c 2 looks like what
C1- point at very top
| C2- circle shaped
52
Forces on the spine include
body weight tension in spinal ligament/ surrounding muscles, intra abdominal pressure, external loads
53
when the spine is in an upright position the major form of loading is
axial
54
bending load in the posterior direction is created by
lumbar hyperextension
55
lower back pain is current in about how much of the population
75-80%
56
pars interarticularis is the most common what
vertebral fracture
57
disc hernitations cause how much back pain
1-5%
58
spondylolysis and spondyloltheis are what
compression of the phaset joints that leads to stress fractures. this doesnt heal with time
59
what are the superficial muscles of the back musculature
trapezius(upper, middle, lower), latissimus dorsi, levator scapula, rhomboid(major,minor)
60
trapezius origin
medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae
61
insertion of the trapezius
lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acrominon, spine of scapula
62
nerve of trapezius
spinal accessory nerve
63
actions of the trapezius
upper fibbers- elevate scapula
middle fibers- retract scapula
lower fibers- depress scapula
64
latissimus dorsi origin
sp of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs
65
latissimus dorsi insertion
floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
66
nerve of the latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
67
actions of the latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
68
levator scapula origin
posterior tubercles of transverse processess of c1-c4
69
insertion of the levator scapula
superior aspect of the medial border of the scapula
70
nerve of the levator scapula
dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves
71
actions of the levator scapula
elevates scapula and tilts the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula in downward direction
72
rhomboid origin
minor- nuchal ligament and sp of c7 + t1
| major- sp of t2-t5
73
insertion of the rhomboid
medial border of the scapula from the spine to the interior angle
74
nerve of the rhomboid
dorsal scapular nerve
75
actions of the rhomboid
retract scapula and rotate the scapula in downward direction to depress the glenoid cavity, fix scapula to the thorax, assist with elevation of the scapula with l.s
76
serratus posterior superior origin
ligamentum nuchae
77
serratus posterior superior insertion
superior borders of ribs 2-4
78
nerve of serratus posterior superior nerve
2nd- 5th intercostal nerve
79
actions of serratus posterior superior
elevate ribs
80
serratus posterior inferior origin
sp of t11-l2
81
serratus posterior inferior insertion
inferior borders of ribs 8-12 near angles
82
serratus posterior inferior nerves
ventral rami of 9th-12th thoracis spinal nerve
83
action of serratus posterior inferior
depress ribs
84
erector spinae is consisted of
spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
85
spinalis origin
```
Broad tendon from
posterior aspect of iliac crest,
posterior surface of sacrum,
inferior lumbar SP,
supraspinous ligament
```
86
insertion of spinalis
sp of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
87
nerve of spinalis
dorsal rami of spinal nerve
88
action of spinalis
lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck
89
longissimus origin
broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar sp, supraspinous ligament
90
longissimus insertion
tp in thoracic and cervical regions, mastoid process
91
nerve of longissimus
dorsal rami of spinal nerve
92
action of longissimus
lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck
93
illiocostalis origin
broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar sp, supraspinous ligament
94
illocostalis insertion
angles of lower ribs and cervical tp
95
nerve of illiocostalis
dorsal rami of spinal nerve
96
action of illiocostalis
lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck
97
parts of the transversospinal musculature
semispinalis(thoracis, cericis, capitis), multifidus, rotatores
98
semispinalis origin
tp c4-t12
99
semispinalis insertion
occipital bone, sp in thoracic and cercvical regions, spanning 2-4 segments
100
nerve of semispinalis
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
101
action of semispinalis
extend head cervical, and thoracic regions, contralateral rotation
102
multifidus origin
sacrum, illium, tp t1-t3 articular processes c4-c7
103
multifidus insertion
pass super medially to sp of vertebrae above, spanning 2-4 segments
104
nerve of multifidus
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
105
action of multifidus
stabilize the vertebrae during movement of the vertebral column
106
rotatores origin
tp of vertebrae
107
rotatores insertion
pass superomedially to attach at the junction of lamina and tp or sp of vertebrea above their origin spanning 1-2 segments
108
rotatores nerve
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
109
action of rotatores
stabilize the vertebrae assist with extension and rotary movements
110
origin of the quadratus lumborum
medial 1/2 of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar tp
111
quadratus lumborum insertion
lliolumbar ligament and internal lip of the iliac crest
112
quadratus lumborum nerve
ventral branches of t12 and l1-l4 nerves
113
action of quadratus lumborum
extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column fixes 12th rib during inspiration
