test 2 - 110 Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
what is exfoliation?
A
shedding
2
Q
use of use for primary teeth?
A
11-12 years
3
Q
how many teeth in primary dentition?
A
20
4
Q
what tooth type is NOT in primary dentition?
A
premolars
5
Q
each quadrant has:
A
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars
6
Q
first eruption of a primary tooth occurs at an average age of:
A
6 to 10 months
7
Q
what is the first primary tooth to erupt?
A
mandibular central incisor at 6-10 months
8
Q
what is the importance of primary teeth?
A
esthetic, phonetic mastication, space
9
Q
what is the primary importance role for primary teeth?
A
maintain space for permanent dentition
10
Q
what does crowding of permanent dentition cause?
A
malocclusion - orthodontics
11
Q
the prominent cervical ridge of primary teeth is basically:
A
bulbous above CEJ
12
Q
premature loss can cause?
A
crowding
13
Q
why do primary teeth have whiter enamel?
A
increased opacity of the enamel which cover the underlying yellow dentin
14
Q
what are some comparison of primary to permanent?
A
-smaller
-crowns short I/C, O/C
-more bulbous crowns
-CEJ more constricted
-smaller O surfaces
-cervical ridge
-lighter in color
-pulp proportionately larger
15
Q
what does the pulp cavity on primary teeth show?
A
pulp chambers and pulp horns larger and closer to crown (mesial horns of molars)
16
Q
what condition is greater for the primary dentition?
A
endodontic
17
Q
the larger pulp chamber and horns lead to an increased risk of:
A
pulpal exposure during cavity preparation
18
Q
the cervical ridge are on:
A
all primary teeth, go from M to D in cervical 3rd
19
Q
what are primary roots like?
A
slender, more flared, branch directly from crown (no root trunk)
20
Q
histological:
A
-thinner enamel
-thinner, less dense dentin
-pulp chambers comparatively larger
21
Q
primary incisors are:
- D E F G
- N O P Q
A
-bulbous
-all ridges present
-cingulum and fossae
-very small
-4 lobes
-no mamleons
22
Q
primary canines:
-C H
-M R
A
-larger than incisors
-same anatomy as perm
-4 lobes
23
Q
what teeth would 8 year old mixed dentition have?
A
-PERM: max CI, max LI, max 1 m, mand CI, mand LI, mand 1 m
-PRI: max canine, max 2 m, mand canine, mand 2 m
24
Q
how many fossa would primary canine have?
A
2 fossa
25
primary maxillary first molar:
-B I
-usually three cusps (2, 3, or 4)
-2 pits
-ridges present
-oblique ridge
-prominent cervical ridge on the facial surface on cervical third
-3 roots: MF, DF, lingual largest
26
primary maxillary second molar:
- A J
-larger than 1st
-usually have 5 cusps
-cusp of carabelli
-oblique ridge
-3 pits
-3 roots: MF, DF, L
27
primary mandibular first molar:
-L S
-4 cusps
-distinct transverse ridge
-very prominent cervical ridge on the facial surface in cervical third
-3 pits
-2 roots: M is largest with 2 canals
28
what primary tooth has a very prominent cervical ridge?
primary mandibular first molar
29
primary mandibular second molar:
- K T
-5 cusps
-larger than 1st
-NO prominent transverse ridge
-slight difference in groove pattern (cruciform)
-2 roots: M has 2 canals
30
what tooth has a cruciform groove pattern?
primary mandibular second molar (K,T)
31
what tooth has 2 canals in the M root?
primary mandibular second molar (K,T)
32
what tooth has a large mesial root with 2 canals?
primary mandibular first molar (L,S)
33
when is primary dentition?
6 months to 6 years
34
when is mixed dentition?
6 years to 12 years
35
when is the permanent dentition?
12 years to remainder of life
36
how is the primary different from permanent dentition?
-primary is smaller in size
-whiter bc of opaque enamel
-wears faster bc of enamel
-bulbous and no root trunk
37
what are clinical considerations for primary teeth?
-homecare for premature loss
-baby bottle tooth decay / early childhood cares
38
the relationship of the teeth in the mandibular arch with the teeth in the maxillary arch
occlusion
39
maximum contact of teeth
centric occlusion / habitual occlusion
40
when the mandible is in the most retruded or pushed back position
centric relation
41
what happens when teeth in the dentition are not aligned properly?
-orofacial myofunctional imbalances
-parafunctional habit patterns
-lose ability to self cleanse
42
when teeth of either dentition are NOT occluding properly, the __ __ __ may not be able to perform the function for which they were designed
teeth and periodontium
43
unnatural occlusal stress is then placed on the dentition, which often results in:
occlusal disharmony/trauma
44
what are the three types of facial profiles?
-mesognathic
-retrognathic
-prognathic
45
mesognathic profiles:
-slightly protruded jaws
-facial outline is relatively flat in appearance
-straight profile
-57% of people
46
what is a retrognathic profile?
-prominent maxilla
-mandible posterior to its normal relationship
-convex profile
-30% of people "bugs bunny" recessed chin
47
what is this profile?
-prominent, protruded mandible
-usually normal maxilla
-concave profile
-13% bull dog appearance
prognathic profile
48
what is normal (ideal) occlusion?
-all teeth in maximum contact in definite pattern
-molar relation
-canine relation: max perm canine occludes with distal 1/2 of mandib canine and mesial 1/2 of 1st premolar
-maxillary teeth slightly overlap mandibular teeth on facial structures
49
what is the molar relation in normal (ideal) occlusion?
MF cusp of permanent Max 1st molar occludes in the facial grooves of permanent mandibular 1st molar
50
an ideal occlusion ___ exists
rarely
51
what is malocclusion classifications?
-edward angle in 1900s
-only classification not a complete diagnosis
-Class I-III
-mandible is moveable. maxillary is stationary
52
what is class I malocclusion (neutroclusion)?
-mesognathic profile
-molar & canine relation same as normal
-malposition of individual teeth or groups of teeth present
53
what are examples of malpositions?
crowding, crossbites, protruded/retruded maxillary incisors
54
what is class II malocclusion (distoclusion)?
-retrognathic profile
-molar relationship: F groove of permanent mand 1st molar is distal to the MF cusp of the perm max 1st molar by with of a premolar
-canine: distal surface of mand canine is distal to the mesial surface of max canine by width of premolar
55
what happens if distance is less than width of a premolar then what is it classified as in class II malocclusion?
tendency toward Class II
56
class II division I?
maxillary incisors are protruded facially
57
class II division II?
maxillary incisors are retruded lingually
58
class III malocclusion (mesioclusion)
-prognathic
-molar: F groove of perm mand 1st molar is mesial to the MF cusp of perm max 1st molar by with of premolar
-canine: distal surface of mand canine is mesial to the mesial surface of max canine by width of a premolar
59
what is an example of class III malocclusion (mesioclusion)?
-true class III has anterior crossbite
-if distance is less than width of a premolar then it should be classified as "tendency toward class III"
60
-the end point of closure of the mandible
-mandible is in the most retruded position to which it can be carried by the musculature and ligaments
-even though patient is rare in this except sometimes when swallowing
centric relation
61
what is correct physiological rest?
when the tongue is resting on the palate, teeth not in occlusion, lips gently closed without signs of facial grimacing
62
what are the seven malrelations of groups of teeth?
1. crossbites
2. edge to edge
3. open bite
4. end to end bite
6. underjet
7. overbite
63
how is overjet and underjet measures?
-measures in mm with tip of perio probe
-probe at right angle to labial surface at base of incisal edge of maxillary incisor
64
what are malpositions of individual teeth?
-labioversion/buccoversion
-linguioversion
-supraversion
-torsiversion
-infraversion
65
labioversion/buccoversion
positioned facial to the normal position
66
linguoversion
positioned lingual to the normal position
67
supraversion
taller than the normal position
68
torsiversion
twisted from the normal position
69
infraversion
shorter than the normal position
70
whats the difference in primary teeth occlusion?
2nd molar / primate spaces
71
gently curving line when you view arches from lateral (side) view in an anterior to posterior direction
curve of SPEE
72
curving line when viewing the arches from a posterior view in a right to left side direction
(lingual inclination of mand. molars)
(buccal inclination of max. molars)
curve of WILSON
73
parafunctional contacts:
-results from bad habits/neuroses
-potentially injurous to periodontal structures in presence of biofilm
-creates wear facets/attritionf
74
functional contacts:
-normal momentary contact between max and mand teeth
-chewing, swallowing, talking, and respiraiton
75
what are three parafunctional habits?
-tooth to tooth contact
-tooth to hard object contact
-tooth to oral tissue contact
76
function of proximal contact?
serve to stabilize the position of teeth within the arches and prevent food impaction
77
when proximal contacts are lost:
drifting, pathological migration
78
contacts between neighboring teeth serve 2 purposes?
protects interdental papillaw and stabilize each tooth in dental arch
79
primary trauma:
excessive force exerted on a tooth with normal bone support
80
secondary trauma:
excessive force exerted on a tooth with bone loss or inadequate alveolar bone support
81
example of primary trauma?
new restoration placed above line of occlusion
82
example of secondary trauma?
normal occlusion pressures can create lesions
83
what is the most common OMD?
tongue thrusting
84
what are some clinical findings of traumatic occlusion?
wear facets, open contacts, sore muscles, TMJ symptoms, tooth mobility, fremitus, percussion sensitivity, pathologic migration
85
what are x-ray findings for traumatic occlusion?
widened PDL space, localized vertical bone loss, root resportion, furcation involvement, thickened lamina dura
86
what is ideal occlusion for primary teeth?
terminal plane
87
what is NOT ideal for primary/permanent dentition?
distal step
88
vermilion zone:
-transitional, red
-sensory nerves and blood vessels
-tubercle
-vermilion border
-labial commissure
89
what are three vermilion zone disruptions?
scars, developmental disturbances, cellular changes
90
what is the disruption at vermilion border?
vermilion zone and its mucocutaneous junction at the vermilion border may make it hard to determine the exact location of the mucocutaneous junction of the V zone at the V border between the lips and the surrounding skin
91
-lateral border of upper lip
-nonexistent in youth
-accentuated with age
nasolabial groove
92
-mental: chin
-inferior border of lower lip
-accentuated with age
labiomental groove
93
vestibules:
horseshoe shaped ditch between the lips and cheek anteriorly and laterally and the teeth and their soft tissues medially and posteriorly
94
oral vestibules are lined by:
mucous membrane or oral mucosa
95
what lines the lips and cheek?
labial and buccal mucosa
96
what protects the cheek when chewing?
buccal fat pad
97
on the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite of maxillary second molar, is a small elevation of tissue:
parotid papilla
98
what does the parotid papilla protect?
opening of parotid gland/stenson's duct
99
what is a fold of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa on max/mand
labial frenum/frena
100
visible small, yellowish elevations on the mucosa and are deeper deposits of sebum from trapped or misplaced sebaceous gland tissue
fordyce spots/granules
101
what may become more prominent with age due to thinning of overlying tissue?
fordyce spots
102
white ridge of raised callused tissue that extends horizontally at eh level when max and mand teeth occlude
linea alba / hyperkeratization
103
irritation fibroma is:
hard, palpable, benign
104
what is a tissue covered elevation of bone located distal to last tooth in maxillary?
maxillary tuberosity
105
what is dense pad of tissue located distal to last tooth in mandibular arch?
retromolar pad
106
what is the alveolar process?
107
-normal variation noted usually on the facial surface of alveolar process of maxillary arch
-localized developmental growths of normal bone
-single, multiple, unilateral, bilateral
-usually in premolar to molar region, covered by normal tissue
-x-ray as radiopaque (light) areas
exostoses
108
-lingual aspect of mandibular arch
-larger developmental growth of normal bone with a possible hereditary cause
-may be associated with bruxism
-covered by normal tissue
-radiopaque on xray
mandibular tori
109
the gingival tissue that tightly adheres to the alveolar bone around the roots of the teeth is:
attached gingiva
110
what is a stiple?
111
line of demarcation between pinker attached gingiva and movable/redder alveolar mucosa is:
mucogingival junction
112
attached gingiva may have areas of:
melanin pigmentation
113
the inside of the mouth is known as what?
the oral cavity proper
114
what is the opening from the oral cavity proper into the pharnyx posteriorly?
fauces
115
what are fauces formed by on the sides?
anterior and posterior faucial pillars
116
____ is located in-between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars?
palatine tonsils
117
-junction of hard and soft palate
-pit like depressions
-represent gland openings
-not always present
fovea
118
what is not always present on the palate (roof of the mouth)?
fovea
119
midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate which overlies the bony fusion of the palate
median palatine raphe
120
-small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate lingual to anterior teeth
-what we burn when we eat hot food
incisive papilla
121
directly posterior to incisive papilla which are firm irregular ridges of tissue
palatine rugae
122
the looser posterior part of the palate is called the:
soft palate
123
what is the midline muscular structure that hangs down in the soft palate?
uvula
124
what extends from the junction of the hard palate and soft palate down to the mandible. just behind the most distal mandibular tooth, and stretches when mouth is opened wider?
pterygomandibular fold
125
what to do you use to examine the palate?
use a mouth mirror to intensify light, pt tilt head back and extend the tongue
126
normal variation of the hard palate is the?
palatal torus
127
the posterior 1/3 of the oral cavity is the:
base of the tongue
128
the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the ___ lies within the oral cavity proper
body of the tongue
129
the tip of the tongue is the:
apex of the tongue
130
the dorsal of the tongue has a midline depression called the:
median lingual sulcus
131
farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue and more difficult to see clincially is an inverted V shaped groove:
sulcus terminalis
132
where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the throat/pharnyx is a small, pitlike depression:
foramen cecum
133
even farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the base of the tongue is an irregular mass of tissue the:
lingual tonsil
134
some of the lingual papillae are associated with what?
taste buds
135
small elevated structures of specialized mucosa is?
the lingual papillae
136
slender, threadlike, whitish lingual papillae are?
give dorsal surface its velvety texture
filiform lingual papillae
137
reddish smaller mushroom shaped dots on the dorsal surface?
fungiform lingual papillae
138
10-14 larger shaped mushroom shaped lingual papillae?
circumvallate lingual papillae
139
where do circumvallate lingual papillae line up?
the anterior side of the sulcus terminalis on the body
140
lateral surface of the tongue has vertical ridges:
foliate lingual papillae
141
-food must be dissolved to stimulate taste buds
-taste enhanced by smell
taste
142
how do you examine the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue?
lasso tongue around anterior 1/3
143
how do you examine the dorsal surface of the tongue?
digitally palpated then turned on side to inspect and bidigitally palpate its base and lateral borders
144
how do you examine the ventral surface of the tongue?
have pt lift tongue and visually inspect and digitally palate the surface
145
the underside/ventral surface of the tongue has:
large visible blood vessels, the deep lingual veins which pass close to the surface
146
lateral to each deep lingual vein is the?
plica fimbriata with fringelike projections
147
where is the floor of the mouth located?
in oral cavity proper inferior to the ventral surface of the tongue
148
midline fold between the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth
lingual frenum
149
what joins in a V shaped configuration extending from the lingual frenum to the base of the tongue
ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the mouth, the sublingual fold
150
the small papilla or ___ at the anterior end of each sublingual fold contains openings of the submandibular/sublingual duct
sublingual caruncle
151
submandibular duct aka
wharton duct
152
sublingual duct
bartholin duct
153
how examine floor of the mouth?
check lingual frenum and use mouth mirror to facilitate lighting
154
what division of the pharnyx is NOT visible in the oral cavity?
laryngopharnyx
154
division of pharnyx that is superior to the level of the soft palate which is continuous with the nasal cavity
nasopharnyx
155
division between the soft palate and the opening of the larnyx, oral part
oropharnyx
156
what is the amount of optimum contacts for permanent dentition with the closure of 32 teeth?
138 optimum contacts
