Test 2

Question 1

Levels of Organization

Answer 1

1. Chemical Level
2. Cellular Level
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
5. System Level
6. Organismal Level

Question 2

Standard Position

Answer 2

• Subject stands erect facing observer
• Head level and eyes facing forward
• Lower limbs parallel
• Feet flat on floor directed forward
• Upper limbs at side
• Palms facing forward

Question 3

Superior

Answer 3

Above or higher in position; Toward the head

Question 4

Cranial

Answer 4

Relating to the skull or head; Toward the head

Question 5

Inferior

Answer 5

Below or lower in position; Toward the feet

Question 6

Rostral

Answer 6

Relating to the hose and mouth region; Toward the face

Question 7

Caudal

Answer 7

Relating to the tail; at or near the tail or posterior part of the body

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

Nearer to or at the front of the body

Question 9

Posterior

Answer 9

Nearer to or at the back of the body

Question 10

Ventral

Answer 10

Relating to the belly side of the body; Toward the belly

Question 11

Dorsal

Answer 11

Relating to the back side of the body; Toward the back

Question 12

Medial

Answer 12

Nearer to the midline

Question 13

Lateral

Answer 13

Farther from the midline

Question 14

Intermediate

Answer 14

Between two structures

Question 15

Ipsilateral

Answer 15

On the same side of the body’s midline as another structure

Question 16

Contralateral

Answer 16

On the opposite side of the body’s midline from another structure

Question 17

Proximal

Answer 17

Nearer to the attachmen of a limb to the trunk; Nearer to the origination of a structure

Question 18

Distal

Answer 18

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; Farther from the origination of a structure

Question 19

Superficial

Answer 19

Toward or on the surface of the body

Question 20

Deep

Answer 20

Away from the surface of the body

Question 21

External

Answer 21

Toward the outside of a structure

Question 22

Internal

Answer 22

Toward the inside of a structure

Question 23

Cephalic

Answer 23

Towards the head

Question 24

Coronal Plane

Answer 24

• Frontal Plane
• Upright / Rotating sideways

Question 25

Transverse Plane

Answer 25

- Horizontal Plane - Rotating sideways

Question 26

Paramedian Plane

Answer 26

- Parasagittal Plane - Doesn't pass through the midline - Upright/Rotate forward and backward

Question 27

Median plane

Answer 27

- Sagittal Plane - Upright/Rotate forward and backward

Question 28

Body Cavities

Answer 28

- Cranial Cavity - Thoracic Cavity - Adominopelvic Cavity

Question 29

Cranial Cavity

Answer 29

- Contains vertebral canal

Question 30

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 30

- Contains pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum

Question 31

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 31

- Contains abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 32

Parietal membrane

Answer 32

Lines space, further from organ

Question 33

Visceral membrane

Answer 33

Closest to organ

Question 34

Macrophages

Answer 34

- Variably present cells - Phagocytosis - Fixed/resting, wandering - WBC Origin (monocytes)

Question 35

Reticular Fibers

Answer 35

- Fibroblasts > Fibers

Question 36

Fibroblasts

Answer 36

- Variably present cells - Form the matrix - Flat, spindle - Branched

Question 37

Collagen Fibers

Answer 37

- Fibroblasts > Fibers

Question 38

Mast Cells

Answer 38

- Variably present cells - Along blood vessels - WBC Origin (Basophils) - Histamine (Vasodilator)

Question 39

Plasmacytes

Answer 39

- Variably present cells - Small, round - WBC Origin (B Lymphocytes) - Antibodies (Immunity

Question 40

Ground Substance

Answer 40

- Variable composition (Blood vs. Bone) - Supports, binds cells - Active exchange medium

Question 41

Neutrophils + Eosinophils

Answer 41

- Variably present cells - WBCs - Increased number with a condition

Question 42

adipocytes

Answer 42

- Variably present cells - Triglyceride storage - Subcutaneous, around organs

Question 43

Blood Vessel

Answer 43

- Vascular and nerve supply (cartilage) - Tendon, ligament

Question 44

Elastic Fibers

Answer 44

- Fibroblasts > Fibers

Question 45

Areolar Tissue

Answer 45

L: Subcutaneous layer, superficial dermis, around organs and blood vessels, lamina propria, common with adipose F: Strength, Elasticity, Support

Question 46

Adipose Tissue

Answer 46

L: Subcutaneous layer, eye sockets, around heart and kidneys, joints, yellow bone marrow F: Protect, support, insulate, energy reserve

Question 47

Reticular Tissue

Answer 47

L: Reticular lamina, organ stroma F: Organ stroma, binds smooth muscle cells, filters/removes blood cells (spleen) and microbes (lymph nodes)

Question 48

Dense Regular

Answer 48

L: Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses F: Strong attachments, resists tension

Question 49

Dense Irregular

Answer 49

L: Joint capsules, fascia, deep dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, membranes around organs, heart valves F: Tensile strength

Question 50

Elastics

Answer 50

L: Lungs, arteries, trachea, ligamenta flava F: Allows stretching, recoil

Question 51

Hyaline

Answer 51

Most have perichondrium L: Developing skeleton, ends long bones, nasal septum, trachea, larynx, rib cage F: Flexibility, support, smooth joints

Question 52

Fibrocartilage

Answer 52

No perichondrium L: Intervertebral discs, menisci, pubic symphisis, tendon insertions into cartilage F: Support, fusion, shock absorption

Question 53

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 53

L: Ear (auricle), epliglottis, auditory tubes F: Support, maintains shape