Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Monomer

A

a molecule of any class of compound that can be bonded to form a polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Polymer

A

materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. Made up of many monomers joined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macromolecules

A

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organic Molecules

A

Amino Acids, RNA, DNA, Glucose, Glycogen, Phospholipid, Glycerides, Fatty Acids, Steroids, ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proteins

A

Made up of hundreds of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structure of Proteins

A

(RCH(NH2)COOH )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monomer of Proteins

A

Amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polymer of Proteins

A

Polypeptides and Peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of Proteins

A

Enzymes, Antibodies, collagen, hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of Proteins

A
  • Form the structures of cells
  • Enzymes a protein that helps catalyze (speed up) biological reactions
  • Act as carriers such as the protein hemoglobin which is used to carry oxygen in red blood cells
  • Muscle development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and Starches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carbohydrates Monomer

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carbohydrates Polymer

A

Disaccharide and Polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Branches of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides- simple sugar molecule that cannot be broken down
Disaccharides- two sugar molecules that can be broken down to a simple sugar
Polysaccharides- more than two sugar molecules that can be broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carbohydrates Functions

A

Serve as a source of short-term l energy or fuel which is then quickly used to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbohydrates Structure

A

Hexagon Shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 types of Charbohydrate

A

Glucose, Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lipids

A

Fats and Oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lipids Monomer

A

Glycerol and Fatty acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Properties of lipids

A
  • Do not dissolve well in water or blood
  • Not as large as proteins or carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of lipids

A

Fatty acids
Glycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of lipids

A

Provide insulation
Long-term energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

24
Q

Nucleic Acids Structure

A

Made up of nucleotides

25
Nucleic Acid Monomer
Nucleotides
26
Nucleic Acid Function
Carry genetic information
27
Amino Acid
Building blocks of proteins (there are 20 types)
28
RNA and DNA
Associated with Nucleic Acid
29
Glucose and Glycogen
Associated with Carbohydrate
30
Fatty acids Glycerides Phospholipids Steroids
Associated with Lipids
31
ATP
Associated with Nucleic Acid
32
Structure of water
Two hydrogens and one oxygen
33
Polarity
Polar: contains both charges. 2 positive hydrogen and 1 negative oxygen Hydrogen bonds: Weak bond that forms between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
34
Universal Solvent
compounds dissolve in water well due to their ability to bind to either the negative or positive charged components of water
35
PH
A small fraction of water molecules in solutions either make hydrogen ions (H+) or Hydroxide ions OH-) Acid: a substance that when added to water increases its hydrogen ion concentration Base: a substance that when added to water increases its Hydroxide ion concentration
36
Plasma Membrane
Defines the outer shell of a cell.
37
Cytoplasm
Inside the membrane and contains everything BUT the Nucleus.
38
Cytoskeleton
Structure: A network of proteins that defines the shape of a cell. FIbers: Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules Function: Helps maintain the shape of the cell and its internal organization.
39
Centrioles
Structure: Short cylinder made up of 9 triplets of microtubules. Function: Help guide the movement and separation of chromosomes during cell division.
40
Mitochondria
Structure: Tubular-shaped structure. Function: Powerhouse of the cell and creates ATP.
41
Golgi Apparatus
Structure: A set of membranous discs Function: Packages and Sorts materials.
42
Lysosomes
Structure: Sphere-Shaped sacs Function: Degrades/digests materials.
43
Ribosomes
Structure: Large and small subunits. Function: Site of protein synthesis.
44
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(Rough ER)
Structure: Flattened like membrane sheets with ribosomes on them; which makes them rough. Function: Transports, produces, folds, and, quality of controls of proteins.
45
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(Smooth ER)
Structure: Tube-like. Function: Transports lipids.
46
Nucleus
Structure: Sphere-shaped Function: Contains genetic information.
47
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Role: Maintains homeostasis. It acts as a barrier that keeps wanted things in and unwanted things out. Structure: Made up of a phospholipid bilayer & contains proteins.
48
Cell Transport
Movement of materials across cell membranes.
49
Passive Transport
Does not require energy to move molecules from HIGH to LOW concentration. (Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis)
50
Simple Diffusion
Movement of small particles across the cell membrane. High to Low concentration.
51
Facilitated Diffusion
Requires help from channel and carrier proteins to move particles from a HIGH to LOW concentration.
52
Channel proteins
a tube-like protein that selectively diffuses particles.
53
Carrier proteins
Changes shape when a particle binds to it.
54
Osmosis
The movement of water through a permeable membrane from HIGH to LOW concentration.
55
Active Transport
Requires energy to move molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration.

Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions