test 2 Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
duodenum location
A
retro-peritoneal
2
Q
most absorption takes place in what part of digestive tract?
A
Jejunum
3
Q
what has a feathery appearance?
A
Jejunum
4
Q
parts of large intestion
A
ascending, descending, transverse
5
Q
longitudinal muscle of the alimentary canal is.
A
tena coli
6
Q
retro peritoneal organs
A
cecum, ascending colon, descending colon
7
Q
peritoneal organs
A
?
8
Q
common gastric tube is…
A
levin tube
9
Q
nasal duodenal feeding tube
A
dubhoff tube. goes through pylorus
10
Q
esophageal is what kind of disease?
A
congenital
11
Q
what is it called when he esophagus is not formed or attaches to the trachea?
A
esophageal atresia
12
Q
symptom of esophageal atresia?
A
excessive salivation
13
Q
bowel atresia
A
blind pouch not attached the rest of the GI system
14
Q
duodenal astresia has a strong associations with what ?
A
down’s syndrome
15
Q
how to diagnose bowel astresia?
A
ultra sound
16
Q
cause of bowel astreasia?
A
vascular accident. a stop in blood flow
17
Q
when rectum ends in a blind pouch what is this called?
A
imperforate anus
18
Q
sign of imperf orate anus is?
A
no bowel movement in first 48 hours of birth
19
Q
narrowing of the outlet of the distal stomach due to hypertrophy or thickening of the circular musculature of the pylorus
A
hyper tropic pyloric stenosis
20
Q
string sign of the stomach indicates what?
A
hyertropic pyloric stenosis
21
Q
organs found on the right side
A
malrotation
22
Q
mirror image of where the organs should be?
A
situs inversus
23
Q
abscense of neurons in bowel wall, typically sigmoid colon
A
hirschsprungs disease
24
Q
dialated colon (mostly sigmoid) is a characteristic of what?
A
hirshsprungs disease
25
pouch that develops in the lower part of the small bowel (especially illeum)
meckel's diverticulum
26
constricture at the lower end of the esophagus
esophageal stricture, inflammatory dieseases
27
GERD means
gastroesophageal reflux diease
28
singls small round cavities that penetrate through the mucosa and into the submucosa
peptic ulcer disease
29
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis sign
string sign
30
other way to diagnose meckels diverticulum
nuc med
31
GI system characterized by absence of the neurons in the sigmoid are?
hirschsprungs disease
32
define gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining
33
treat for gastritis
self healing
34
cause of acute gastritis
infection by many microorganisms, allergies, drugs, spicy foods
35
superior row of the 9 regions of the stomach
R hypochondriac, epigastric, L hypochondriac
36
middle row of the 9 regions of the stomach
R lateral, umbilical, L lateral
37
inferior row of the 9 regions of the stomach
R inguinal, pubic, (hypogastric), L inguinal (iliac)
38
alimentary canal is for:
digestion and absorption of the food
39
3 regions of the small bowel:
duodenum, jejunum, ilium
40
chronic gastritis is characterized by:
atrophy of the mucosa of the stomach with loss of the secretory glands
41
sign of chronic gastritis:
rugae become thin and atrophy the fundus may look "bald"
42
an idiopathic relapsing granulomatous inflammatory disorder which usually affects the terminal ileum or colon
Crohn's Disease
43
most common place for Crohn's diease is:
terminal ileum
44
what part of the intestine does Crohn's disease affect?
all of it. goes through everything: mucosal, sub mucosal, muscle (all layers)
45
sharply demarcated granulomatous lesion that occur are surrounded by normal appearing mucosal tissue are characteristics of what
Crohn's disease
46
what disease can mimic appendicitis?
Crohn's disease
47
skip lesions with a cobble stone effect in a small bowel study are characteristics of what?
Crohn's disease
48
string sign is apparent in what two diseases?
crohn's and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
49
inflammatory often chronic disease affecting the mucosa and submucosa of the colon. ONLY EFFECTS COLON!
ulcerative colitis
50
what are the crypts of lieberkuhn:
excret digestive juices
51
define pseudopholyps
tongue like projections of the pseudolayer
52
modality to diagnose ulcerative colitis
BE
53
collar button appearance of the mucosal layer is indicative of what?
ulterative collitis
54
lead pipe appearance is indicative of what?
ulterative collitis
55
what are varices?
are irregular dilated and tortous areas of superficial or deep veins
56
best position that demonstrate esophageal varices with valsalva maneuver?
recumbent
57
types of hiatal hernia:
direct (sliding), schatzki's ring, paraesophageal
58
protrusional of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphram
hiatal hernia
59
what modality detects hiatal hernia?
UGI
60
portion of the fundus and or greater curvature of the stomach slides through the hiatus covered by a complete diaphram
paraesophageal
61
anything causing the lack of movement of the intestinal contents through the intestine
differentiation of intestinal obstruction disease
62
small bowel obstruction results in:
metabolic alkalosis from dehydration and loss of......
63
paralytic ileus:
results from neurological impairment such as spinal cord injury
64
intussusception is what?
telescoping of a proximal of the bowel into a distal part because of peristalsis
65
cardinal sign of intussusception is?
intermittent colicky pain,
vomiting of stomach contents
abnormal stool, (contains currant jelly which is mixture of blood)
66
coil spring or slinky toy sign is
intussusception
67
twisting of the intestine at least 180 degrees
volvulus
68
beak sign involves what?
volvulus
69
out pouching of the esophageal wall
esophageal diverticula
70
herniation or out pouching of the mucosa through the muscle layer of the colon wall
esophageal diverticula
71
most esophageal tissues arise from what tissue?
squamous cell epithelium
72
40% of all esophageal cancers arise in what part of the esophagus?
mid-portion
73
only way for the spread of esophageal cancer is what?
esophageal cancer
74
radiographic appearance of esophageal cancer
irregular shape polyp, constricting lumen with a filling defect
75
description of a cancerous ulcer
very irregular shaped crater
76
leather bottle syndrome is a sign for.....?
stomach cancer
77
polyps are an indiacation of what?
colon-rectal cancer
78
history of ulcerative colitis is an inidcation of what?
colon-rectal cancer
79
Napkin ring or apple core sign in BE is diagnosis for what?
Colo-rectal cancer
80
liver vein supply is?
portal vein
81
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, biliary tree are part of what
hepatobilary system
82
liver arter suppy is?
hepatic artery
83
pancrease's role with bile?
holding
84
what produces bile?
liver
85
right and left hepatic duct form what?
common hepatic duct
86
what makes up the common bile duct?
common hepatic duct and the cystic duct
87
what us the duct that enters to the sphincter of oddi?
duct of wursung
88
gallbladder's role with bile?
it concentrates it with the removal of water
89
CCK is what?
colocystalkinin
90
what does CCK do?
causes gallbladder and pancreas to secret bile
91
pancreases function
produces insulin (controls sugar level), and digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions
92
ERCP do what?
visualize the biliary system and main pancreatic duct
93
cirrhosis is what?
destruction of liver cells and structure, with nodular regeneration of liver parenchyma and fibrosis
94
major cause of cirrhosis is what?
chronic alcoholism
95
most characteristic symptom of cirrohsis?
ascities
96
interference with ability to execrete bilirubin?
viral hepatitis
97
hepatitis a is what?
spread through contaiminated food or fecal matter
98
Hepatitis E cause?
responsible for waterborne epidemic acute hepatitis in developing countries and DOESN'T PROGRESS TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS
99
what is transmitted parenterally by infected serum of blood?
Hept. B
100
transmoncurrently with acute of chrone HBVitted parenterally by RNA virus is what>
Hepatitus C
101
what are the two types of gallstones?
Pigmented, and cholesterol
102
what is acute cholecyctitis?
inflammation of the gallbladder
103
what are recelian gall bladders?
calcification of the gallbladder walls
104
what causes porcelain?
chronic cholecystitis
105
what is acute pancreatitis?
an inflammatory process in which protein and lipid digesting enzymes become activated within the pancreas and begin to digest the organ itself
106
two causes of acute pancreatitis?
excessive alcohol consumption, and bile flow obstruction
107
what is Chronic Pancreatitis?
results when frequent injury o the pancreas causes scar tissue
108
what is the effect chronic pancreatitis has on the gland?
loses ablility to produce digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon
109
2 types of jaundice
medical, surgical
110
what is jaundice?
a sign of a disease, an accumulation of excess bilirubin
111
what is the tumor of the liver?
hemangioma (most common)
112
most common place for hepatic metastasis is?
colon cancer via hepato-portal system
113
hepatic means
liver
114
most common malignancy of the liver is what?
hepatic metastasis
115
characteristics of gallbladder is?
infrequent but malignant
116
most common type of cancer in the pancreas is?
adenocarcinoma
117
most common location of cancer in the pancreas?
head of the pancreas
118
function of the urinary system?
filter blood
119
level of the kidneys are?
T12-L3
120
what is a cystogram?
not a function study but an anatomical study of the bladder
121
what is a supernumerary kidney?
presence of small 3rd kidney
122
what hypoplasia?
kidney is smaller that normal and commonly effects only 1 kidney
123
hyperplasia is what?
enlargement of the kidney
124
what is horse shoe kidney
fusion of the lower or upper poles (lower is more common)
125
crossed ectopy kidney is?
ureter crosses midline and attaches to the other kidney
126
what is malrotation of the kidney?
kidney rotates 180 degrees on its pelvis
127
ectopic kidney
3 different possible locations
128
what is a ureterocele?
a cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the bladder
129
polycystic kidney disease is what?
an inherited disorder which multiple cysts of varying size cause lobulated enlargement of the kidneys and progressive renal impairement
130
what is pyelonephritis?
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, and caused by bacteria
