test 2

Question 1

incumbent

Answer 1

a person that currently holds the elected office

Question 2

pork barrel spending

Answer 2

spending that benefits a legislator’s constituency

Question 3

constituency

Answer 3

The people residing in the area represented by a legislator or elected official

Question 4

open-seat election

Answer 4

An election in which there is no incumbent

Question 5

reapportionment

Answer 5

reallocating seats in the house after a census

Question 6

gerrymandering

Answer 6

process of redrawing boundaries to benefit the party in power

Question 7

midterm election

Answer 7

election that occurs halfway through the president’s term

Question 8

party caucus

Answer 8

members of a party in congress that elect the party leader, set policy goals and plan strategies

Question 9

party leader

Answer 9

members of the house and senate elected by their party caucus to represent them

Question 10

standing committee

Answer 10

committee responsible for public policy

Question 11

conference committee

Answer 11

temporary and reviews bills from house and senate before they go to the president

Question 12

senority

Answer 12

member of congress’ consecutive years of service

Question 13

bill

Answer 13

a proposed law within congress

Question 14

filibuster

Answer 14

a person, usually minority, in the senate can talk for as long as they want to prevent the passing of the bill

Question 15

rider

Answer 15

amendment to a bill that deals with issues unrelated to the content of the bill

Question 16

cloture

Answer 16

to end a filibuster it requires 60 votes

Question 17

law

Answer 17

bill passed by the house or senate that was signed by the president

Question 18

veto

Answer 18

presidential rejection of a bill, congress can override by two-thirds vote

Question 19

lawmaking function

Answer 19

authority of congress to write the laws necessary to carry out govs. power

Question 20

representation function

Answer 20

responsibility of congress members to represent groups in their constituents and interest groups

Question 21

logrolling

Answer 21

trading of votes between legislators to get what they want

Question 22

oversight function

Answer 22

supervisory power of congress that canters on its constitutional responsibility that the president carries out duties

Question 23

whig theory

Answer 23

presidential power that prevailed in the 19th century and held that presidency was a restrained by granted constitutional authority

Question 24

stewardship theory

Answer 24

presidential power prevailing among modern presidents that presidential authority is limited by specific prohibited laws

Question 25

unit rule

Answer 25

popular vote gets all elector's from a state except maine and nebraska

Question 26

cabinet

Answer 26

leading the executive departments, appointed by the president, confirmed by senate

Question 27

honeymoon period

Answer 27

president's first months in office where congress, public, and press are more supportive (100 days)

Question 28

presidential approval rating

Answer 28

measure of the public liking or not of the presidents performance

Question 29

electoral college

Answer 29

state-by-state contest for deciding the pres and vice pres during general election, 270 votes to win

Question 30

electors

Answer 30

people chosen by their parties to vote in the electoral college

Question 31

presidential primary

Answer 31

elections in some states to determine which presidential candidates will represent their party in the general election

Question 32

presidential caucus

Answer 32

informal election method having party activists decide which candidate with represent their party

Question 33

jurisdiction

Answer 33

the court's authority to hear cases of a specific kind (original and appellate)

Question 34

original jurisdiction

Answer 34

the court to first hear the case|

Question 35

appellate

Answer 35

authority of appeals court to review cases that were tried in lower courts and are appealed by losing party

Question 36

judicial review

Answer 36

power of the courts to decide whether gov has acted within constitutional rights

Question 37

writ of certiorari

Answer 37

permission granted by a higher court to allow losing party in a case to bring the case before it for ruling

Question 38

precedent

Answer 38

Rule for settling cases of the same nature

Question 39

brief

Answer 39

written statement with information about the case

Question 40

judicial conference

Answer 40

closed meeting of the supreme court to discuss and vote on a case

Question 41

decision

Answer 41

the vote fo the supreme court in a case that shows who they agree with

Question 42

opinion

Answer 42

written explanation for the decision (majority, plurality, concurring, dissenting, and senatorial)

Question 43

majority

Answer 43

majority agrees on the decision

Question 44

plurality

Answer 44

majority agrees on decision but not legal basis

Question 45

concurring

Answer 45

separate opinions by justices who vote majority but disagree with reasoning

Question 46

dissenting

Answer 46

opinion of justice for disagreeing with majority

Question 47

senatorial

Answer 47

senator in state has a say in the presidential nomination applies to appellate judges

Question 48

facts

Answer 48

the circumstances of a legal dispute decided by trial to determine which laws are applicable

Question 49

originalism theory

Answer 49

constitution means what was said at the time it was written

Question 50

living constitution theort

Answer 50

the constitution's meaning bends to meet the times

Question 51

judicial restraint

Answer 51

judges should follow wording of law, respect judgment of elected legislators

Question 52

judicial activism

Answer 52

judges should develop new principles when needed, even if conflicting with elected officials

Question 53

redistricting

Answer 53

process of altering districts after a census