Test 2 Flashcards
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Figure 9-28 Christ enthroned with saints (Harbaville Triptych), ca. 950. Ivory, central panel. Louvre, Paris.</p>
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Figure 9-23 Christ as Pantokrator, dome mosaic in the Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. 1090–1100.</p>
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Figure 9-19 Virgin (Theotokos) and Child enthroned, apse mosaic, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey, dedicated 867.</p>
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Figure 9-18 Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George, icon, sixth or early seventh century. Encaustic on wood, 2’ 3” X 1’ 7 3/8”. Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt.</p>
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Figure 9-15 Saint Apollinaris amid sheep (Sheep are Peter, Paul, and Jon). Two angles (left Ilisia) (Right Moses), apse mosaic, Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 533-549.</p>
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Figure 9-10 Aerial view of San Vitale (looking northwest), Ravenna, Italy, 526–547.</p>
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Figure 9-5 ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES and ISIDORUS OF MILETUS, aerial view of Hagia Sophia (looking north), Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey, 532–537.</p>
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Figure 8-24 Suicide of Judas and Crucifixion of Christ, plaque from a box, ca. 420. Ivory. British Museum, London.</p>
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Figure 8-15 Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425</p>
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8-13A Christ as Sol Invictus, detail of the mosaic in the vault of the Mausoleum of the Julii (tomb M), Vatican Necropolis, Rome, Italy, late third century.</p>
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Figure 8-3 Samuel anoints David, detail of the mural paintings in the syna-gogue, Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 245–256. Tempera on plaster, 47 high.</p>
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Figure 7-75 Arch of Constantine (south side), Rome, Italy, 312–315 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-50 Restored cutaway view of the Pantheon, emphasizes coffering. Rome, Italy, 118–125 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-49 Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 118 – 125 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-45 Column of Trajan, Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, dedicated 112 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-40 Arch of Titus (To honor Titus and his way of leading), Rome, Italy, after 81 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-23 Fourth Style wall paintings (Late) in the Ixion Room (triclinium P) of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 70–79 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-22 Fourth Style wall paintingsne (New) in Room 78 of the Domus Aurea (Golden House) of Nero, Rome, Italy, 64–68 CE.</p>
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Figure 7-21 Detail of a Third Style wall painting, from cubiculum 15 of the Villa of Agrippa Postumus, Boscotrecase, Italy, ca. 10 BCE. Fresco, 7’ 8” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.</p>
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Figure 7-20 Gardenscape, Second Style wall painting, from the Villa of Livia, Primaporta, Italy, ca. 30–20 BCE. Fresco, 6’ 7” high. Museo Nazionale Romano-Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome.</p>
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Figure 7-19 Second Style wall paintings (general view left, and detail of tholos right) from cubiculum M of the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, Italy, ca. 50–40 BCE. Fresco, 8’ 9” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.</p>
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Figure 7-18 Dionysiac mystery frieze, Second Style wall paintings in Room 5 of the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60–50 BCE. Fresco, frieze 5’ 4” high.</p>
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Figure 7-17 First Style wall painting in the fauces of the Samnite House, Herculaneum, Italy, late second century BCE.</p>
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Figure 7-8 Head of an old man, from Osimo, mid-first century BCE. Marble, life-size. Palazzo del Municipio, Osimo.</p>
Figure 6-11 Capitoline Wolf, from Rome, Italy, ca. 500–480 BCE. Bronze, 2’ 7 1/2” high. Musei Capitolini, Rome.
Figure 6-6 Tumuli in the Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy, seventh to second centuries BCE.
Figure 6-4 Apulu (Apollo), from the roof of the Portonaccio temple, Veii, Italy, ca. 510–500 BCE. Painted terracotta, 5’ 11” high. Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome. Terracotta
Figure 6-3 Model of a typical sixth-century BCE Etruscan temple, as described by Vitruvius. Istituto di Etruscologia e di Antichità Italiche, Università di Roma, Rome.
Figure 6-2 Fibula with Orientalizing lions, from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb, Cerveteri, Italy, ca. 650–640 BCE. Gold, 1’ 1/2” high. Musei Vaticani, Rome
Terracotta
Hard-baked clay, used for sculpture and as a building material. It may be glazed or painted.
Capitoline
One of the best known portrayals of an animal in the history of the world. Is supposed to have nursed Romulus and Remus.
Tuscan column
The standard type of Etruscan column. It resembles ancient Greek Doric columns but is made of wood, is unfluted, and has a base. Also a popular motif in Renaissance architecture.
Tumulus
Latin, “burial mound.” In Etruscan architecture, tumuli cover one or more subterranean multichambered tombs cut out of the local tufa (limestone).
Necropolis
Greek, “city of the dead.” A large burial area or cemetery.
Coffering
A sunken panel, often ornamental, in a vault or a ceiling.
Column of Trajan
Giant tower constructed by Emperor Trajan to commiserate his victories.
Concrete
Invention of the Romans that allowed them to build things otherwise impossible, since it could be molded into different shapes. Barrel vaults,
Republic
Type of Roman government where power is in the senate, with the literal definition meaning council of elders. Architecture leads to expansion, and verism pops up.
Verism
A sculpture style almost exclusively available to men that had brutal realism of the subject
Pompeii
Prosperous merchant city in Italy; buried under Mt. Vesuvius’s eruption and is preserved. Great depiction of the way of life, forum, the arena, and homes. Wall style painting in all 4 styles.
Forum
The public square of an ancient Roman city.
Colosseum
A marvel of the Roman Empire, could not have been built without concrete, great feat of engineering. Best known Roman landmark building.
Doric style bottom level
Ionic Style Middle level
4 Styles of wall painting
1st
1st style: Masonry like to give the impression that it’s made of more expensive stone.
4 Styles of wall painting
2nd style
2nd style
o First 2nd: Humans and a shallow stage
o Second 2nd: Humans (optional), illusion of depth, and architecture.
o Third 2nd: Landscape, atmospheric perception.
4 Styles of wall painting
3rd
3rd Large monochromatic background light or dark.
• Large amount of unornamented space
4 Styles of wall painting
4th
4th Combo of all styles
o Mixed in first style of stone.
o Sometimes find portraiture, realistic (being presented as educated, important, relevant)
Aqueduct
Aqueduct: Roman designed waterway that moves water all around Rome with no pumps, all by the use of gravity.
Pantheon
Second most important building in the Roman Empire, known as “temple of all gods”
Tetrarchy
Created by Diocletian with the intent to bring order to Rome once again. They were never seen apart and always depicted as one (Identical facial features and shape). 4 men all had equal power over Rome with the intent to bring order back to Rome.
Triumphal arch
In Roman architecture, a freestanding arch commemorating an important event, such as a military victory or the opening of a new road.
Rossano Gospels
Earliest Preserved illuminated Books containing illustrations of the new testimate (picture books).
Theotokos
Greek, “she who bore God.” The Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus.
Pantokrator
Greek, “ruler of all.” Christ as ruler and judge. (Angry Christ)
Venice
Convergence of styles and languages
Russia
Icons and Christianity moved to Russia. Vladimir virgin.
Icon
Biblical pictures for worship
Iconoclasm
The destruction of religious or sacred images. In Byzantium, when there was an imperial ban on such images. The destroyers of images were known as iconoclasts. Those who opposed such a ban were known as iconophiles.
Attic
The uppermost story of a building, triumphal arch, or city gate.
