Test 2

Question 1

Why are conservative and liberal political ideologies incompatible with radical political attitudes?

Answer 1

Those political ideologies do not see the need to fundamentally reorder the political system.

Question 2

Citizenship is best defined as

Answer 2

an individual’s or a group’s relation to the state.

Question 3

In which of the following ways does national conflict differ from ethnic conflict?

Answer 3

National conflict has an independent state as a core goal; ethnic conflict does not.

Question 4

Individuals who hold ________ political attitudes will favor little or no change to existing political institutions.

Answer 4

conservative

Question 5

Which of the following concepts or phenomena was first and most directly connected to state development?

Answer 5

growing ethnic identity

Question 6

In Ronald Inglehart’s conception of political culture, what form of society is the opposite of traditional?

Answer 6

secular-rational

Question 7

Following from the work of Bruce Lawrence, fundamentalism can be defined as

Answer 7

an ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state.

Question 8

Reactionaries are those in the political spectrum who favor

Answer 8

restoring structures and values that they believe once existed.

Question 9

National identity can lead to feelings of pride and the belief in a separate, sovereign political destiny which is called

Answer 9

nationalism

Question 10

Which of the following was a result of the linkage between ethnic and national identities in state development?

Answer 10

growing capacity of the state to generate tax revenue

Question 11

A state that encompasses one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent is known as a(n)

Answer 11

nation-state

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ethnicity is accurate?

Answer 12

Ethnic solidarity can lessen the willingness to share resources with groups that are ethnically different.

Question 13

Power sharing as a way to solve ethnic and national conflict

Answer 13

causes concern sometimes about “freezing” or perpetuating group divisions.

Question 14

The specific concept of national identity has its modern origins in

Answer 14

Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about fundamentalism is accurate?

Answer 15

Fundamentalists have a wide spectrum of views on the balance between freedom and equality.

Question 16

Which of the following best characterizes the nature of conflicts in India in recent years?

Answer 16

ethnic, religious, national (all of the above)

Question 17

The people of a nation are seeking recognition from the United Nations to form a sovereign state. Some countries have concerns about the extent to which this nation will be inclusive of all people in the state. What should the leaders of this nation do to convince the UN of its inclusivity?

Answer 17

propose citizenship requirements that many can easily meet

Question 18

Political attitudes are views regarding the

Answer 18

necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality.

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the two most important components of national identity?

Answer 19

self-government

Question 20

Which of the following statements is accurate?

Answer 20

Citizenship is likely to be more flexible than ethnic identity.

Question 21

Which of the following describes a likely characteristic of postindustrial societies?

Answer 21

more devolution of economic power

Question 22

Most developed democracies share a similar commitment to what economic system?

Answer 22

capitalism

Question 23

Immigrants to Europe primarily come from ________, whereas immigrants to North America primarily come from ________.

Answer 23

North Africa and the Middle East; Latin America and East Asia

Question 24

Postmodern values tend to emphasize which of the following?

Answer 24

quality of life

Question 25

Which of the following best characterizes the role of freedom across developed democracies?

Answer 25

There are significant differences in the definitions and applications of civil rights and liberties.

Question 26

Which of the following statements describes a major contradiction faced by developed democracies in their attempts to maintain the welfare state?

Answer 26

One possible solution is accepting more immigrants, but citizens are largely unwilling to extend benefits to immigrants.

Question 27

Many now speak of the European Union as a body that has become

Answer 27

supranational

Question 28

What is an intergovernmental system?

Answer 28

It is an organization where member states cooperate but are not bound by the decisions of the organization.

Question 29

The process by which states pool their sovereignty, surrendering some individual powers in exchange for political, social, or economic benefits, is known as

Answer 29

integration

Question 30

Which of the following is a core component of the European Union?

Answer 30

European Parliament

Question 31

The European Union was created as a response to the

Answer 31

destruction caused by World War I and World War II.

Question 32

What is the chief advantage that the categories “developed democracies,” “communist and postcommunist countries,” and “developing countries” might have over the three-worlds approach?

Answer 32

It allows for the possibility that a country might transform and take on a new designation.

Question 33

Some scholars suggest that developed democracies are undergoing significant social, political, and economic changes, becoming

Answer 33

postmodern

Question 34

The viability of the welfare state is most challenged by

Answer 34

increasingly old populations

Question 35

Developed democracies are characterized by rational and secular institutions, which in part make them

Answer 35

modern

Question 36

Which of the following is the best-known example of the process of integration?

Answer 36

formation of the European Union

Question 37

Which of the following seems to have undercut the expansion of postmodern values, particularly in Western Europe?

Answer 37

immigration

Question 38

The most important demographic change that will affect developed democracies in the decades ahead is

Answer 38

the growth in the elderly population due to longer lifespans.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about European Union expansion in recent decades is accurate?

Answer 39

Expansion has been accompanied by immigration westward and company relocation eastward.

Question 40

A small province in a large European country feels that its ethnic and cultural heritage differs substantially from that of the country to which it belongs. The executive petitions the central government to allow the province to gain control over the design and writing of textbooks that are administered in its schools, a power formally held by the central ministry of education. The request is granted. This process would be categorized as

Answer 40

devolution