Test 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
In which country did Janism begin?
India
What does “jina” mean?
spiritual conqueror
What is the name of the Jain scriptures?
Agamas
What two kinds of food may Jains not eat?
- meat
- root vegetables
Who is the 24th Tirthankara in the present cycle of existence?
Mahavira (599 - 527 B.C.)
Name two similarities between Jainism and Buddhism.
1) Both Siddhartha and Mahavira rejected the Hindu caste system.
2) Both emphasized the practice of meditation.
Name two differences between Jainism and Buddhism.
1) Buddha taught “anatta” (no permanent soul). Jainism teaches every living being has a soul.
2) Buddhism eventually left India and spread throughout Asia. Jainism stayed in India.
What are the two main Jain sects? How are they different?
1) Shvetambara
- monks and nuns wear white garments
- monks use begging bowls
- teach that anyone can achieve kevala (escape from the cycle of reincarnation)
2) Digambara
- male monks go naked
- monks do not use begging bowls
- teach only males can achieve kevala
Shintoism is the native religion in what country?
Japan
What is the name of the gate before a Shinto shrine?
Torii
Define kami.
whatever is sacred or to be worshipped - gods and goddesses - spirits in nature - souls of ancestors - great people Matsuri: communication between the kami and humans
Confucious
- K’ung Fu-Tzu (Kung the Master)
- teacher
- 551-479 B.C.
What are the Five Constant Relationships?
1) husband and wife
2) parent and child
3) elder sibling and younger sibling
4) elder friend and younger friend
5) ruler and subjects
What was a major problem in China during Confucious’ time?
- social anarchy
- civil war
- violence among families
What are the differences between the way the Realists, Mo Tzu, and Confucious proposed to solve social problems in China?
Mo Tzu –> promote love b/c human nature is basically good
Confucious –> teach moral values and right relationships
Realists –> strict laws are necessary; use force and punishment b/c human nature is weak
What is the Doctrine of the Mean?
not going to extremes
- ex) we shouldn’t be too proud or too humble but somewhere in between
Define Jen.
- good-heartedness and other-centeredness that should underlie all social interactions
- often translated as “love” and “humanness”
- involves concern for others, courtesy, unselfishness, compassion, and the belief that all humans are our brothers and sisters
Define Chun-Tzu.
- the Superior Person or Mature Person
- model of human perfection -> habitually acts for the good of others
Define Li.
- doing things the right way, etiquette, ritual, and proper conduct in the five basic relationships
Define Te.
- the power of virtue and moral example
- the power to rule by good example rather than brute force
Define Wen.
- education
- cultivation of music, poetry, art, painting, and aesthetics
- the “arts of peace” as opposed to the “arts of war”
What does Tao mean?
“the way” of:
1) Ultimate Reality
2) Nature
3) Human Life
What is the basic text of Taoism?
- Tao Te Ching - The Classic of the Way and Its Power of Virtue
- made up of 81 poems around the workings of the Tao
Define Wu Wei.
- non-action and non-interference with the flow of nature
- letting things follow their natural course through spontaneity
- not doing; effortless action
