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Nail Fundamentals > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What Is anatomy:(2)

A

Study of the structures of the human body and substances these structures are made of

Science of interconnected organisms and parts

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2
Q

What is physiology:(1)

A

Study of the functions and activities performed by body structures

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3
Q

What is Histology:(1)

A

Study of the structures and composition of tissue

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4
Q

What body systems are referenced in this chapter: (5)

A

Circulatory/cardiovascular system

Integumentary

Muscular

Nervous

Skeletal

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5
Q

What is the skeletal system for: (1)

A

Physical foundation of the body

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6
Q

Bones of the arms and hands: (6)

A

Humorous

Ulna

Radius

Carpus

Metacarpus

Phalanges

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7
Q

Humorous:(2)

A

Uppermost largest bone of arm

Extends from elbow to shoulder

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8
Q

Ulna: (3)

A

Longer bone of the forearm

Larger at the elbow then wrist

Located on little finger side

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9
Q

Radius:(3)

A

Shorter of the two bones of forearm

Larger at wrist

On thumb side of hand

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10
Q

Carpus:(2)

A

The wrist

Flexible joint composed of 8 small bones held by ligaments

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11
Q

Metacarpus:(2)

A

Bones of the palm of hand

Contains 5 bones between carpus and phalanges

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12
Q

Phalanges:(3)

A

Digits

Bones of fingers/toes

3 in each finger, 2 in thumb

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13
Q

Bones of the leg:(4)

A

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Patella

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14
Q

Femur: (1)

A

Heavy long bone that forms leg above the knee

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15
Q

Tibia (2)

A

Larger of two bones that form leg below the knee

Visualized as a bump on big-toe side of ankle

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16
Q

Fibula:(2)

A

Smaller of the two bones that form the leg below knee

Visualized as bump on little toe side of the ankle

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17
Q

Patella: (2)

A

Aka accessory bone

Forms the cap of the knee joint

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18
Q

Bones of ankle joint:(3)

A

Tibia from lower leg

Fibula from lower leg

Talus

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19
Q

Talus: (1)

A

Ankle bone

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20
Q

How many bones is the foot made up of:(2)

A

26 bones

Subdivided into 3 categories

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21
Q

What are the 3 categories if the foot bones;(3)

A

7 Tarsal bones

5 Metatarsal bones

14 Phalanges

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22
Q

What are the 7 Tarsal bones: (5)

A

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

3 cuneiform bones

Cuboid

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23
Q

What are metatarsal bones:(2)

A

Long and slender

Similar to metacarpal bones on hand

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24
Q

How many phalanges are in each toe:(2)

A

3 phalanges in each toe

Except big toe, which has 2

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25
Muscular system: (2)
Body system that covers, shapes and supports skeletal tissue Contracts and moves various parts of the body
26
Muscles that attach the arms to the body:(5)
Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Trapezius
27
Latissimus Dorsi;(1)
Large flat triangular muscle covering lower back
28
Pectoralis Major and Minor (2)
Muscles of the chest Assist in swinging movements of the arm
29
Serratus anterior (1)
Muscle of the chest that assist in breathing and raising arm
30
Trapezius (2)
Covers back of neck and upper middle region of back Rotates and controls swinging movements of arm
31
Three muscles of shoulder and upper arms (3)
Bicep Deltoid Tricep
32
Bicep;(3)
Inside of arm Lifts forearm Flexes elbow
33
Deltoid:(2)
Triangular muscle covering shoulder joint Allows arm to extend
34
Triceps:(1)
Large muscle covering back of upper arm extends forearm
35
Forearms muscles and tendons:(4)
Extensors Flexors Pronators Supinator
36
Extensors of forearm:(1)
Muscles that straighten wrist, hand, and fingers to form straight line
37
Flexors of forearm:(1)
Muscles of wrist involved in bending wrists
38
Pronators of forearm:(1)
Muscles that turn hand inward so palms face down
39
Supinator of forearm:(1)
Muscles of forearm that rotate the radius out ward and palm upward
40
What are the two categories of muscles of the hand:(2)
Abductors Adductors
41
Abductors:(1)
Muscles that separate the fingers
42
Adductors:(1)
Muscles at the base of each finger
43
Muscles of the lower leg:(6)
Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Gastrocnemius Soleus
44
Extensor digitorum longus:(2)
Bends foot up Extends toes
45
Tibialis anterior:(2)
Covers front of shin Bends foot upward and inward
46
Peroneus Longus:(2)
Covers outer side of calf Inverts foot and turns outward
47
Peroneus Brevis:(2)
Lower surface of fibula Bends foot down and out
48
Gastrocnemius:(2)
Attached to lower rear surface of heel Pulls foot down
49
Soleus:(2)
Upper portion of fibula Bends foot down
50
Muscles of feet:(4)
Flexor digiti minimi Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi
51
Flexor digiti minimi:(1)
Moves little toe
52
Flexor digitorum brevis:(2)
Moves lessor toes Helps maintain balance while walking
53
Abductor hallucis:(2)
Moves great toe Maintains balance while walking and standing
54
Abductor digiti minimi:(1)
Separates toes
55
Nervous system: (2)
Composed of brain, spinal cord, and nerves Responsible for coordinating and controlling all other systems with harmony
56
Nerves in arm and hand: (4)
Digital nerve Radial nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve
57
Digital nerve:(2)
Branches Supplies fingers
58
Radial nerve:(2)
Branches Supplies thumb side of arm and back of hand
59
Median nerve:(3)
Smaller than ulnar nerve and radial nerve Branches Supplies arm and hand
60
Ulnar nerve:(2)
Branches Affects little finger side of arm and palm
61
Nerves of lower leg and foot:(7)
Tibial nerve Common peroneal nerve Deep peroneal nerve Superficial peroneal nerve Dorsal nerve Saphenous nerve Sural nerve
62
Tibial nerve:(3)
Division of sciatic nerve Behind knee Supplies impulses to knee, muscles of calf, skin of leg and sole, heel, under toes
63
Common peroneal nerve:(3)
Division of sciatic nerve Behind knee winding to head of fibula Dividing into 2 branches
64
Deep peroneal nerve:(3)
Aka Anterior tibial nerve Down front of leg- behind muscles Impulses to these muscles , skin on top of foot- dorsal nerve
65
Dorsal nerve:(2)
Apart of deep peroneal nerve Impulses to top of foot
66
Saphenous nerve:(1)
Impulses to skin of inner side of leg and foot
67
Sural nerve:(1)
Impulses to skin on outer side of back of foot and leg
68
Arteries:(4)
Thick walled Flexible tubes Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from heart Narrow and widen
69
Capillaries:(4)
Tiny thin walled blood vessels Connect smaller arteries to veins Nutrients to cells Carry away waste
70
Veins:(4)
Thin walled blood vessels Less flexible than arteries Cannot narrow or widen Carry deoxygenated blood TOWARDS heart
71
What are the arteries of the arm and hand:(2)
Ulnar artery Radial artery
72
Ulnar artery:(2)
Numerous branches Supply the little finger side of the arm and back of hand
73
Radial artery:(2)
Branches Supply thumb side of arm and back of hand
74
Blood supply (arteries) of lower leg and foot: (4)
Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Dorsalis pedis artery
75
Popliteal artery:(2)
Supplies blood to foot Divides 2 separate arteries- anterior and posterior tibial
76
Anterior tibial artery:(3)
Blood to lower leg muscles and to muscles and skin on top of foot Supplies to adjacent sides of 1st and 2nd toes Becomes dorsalis pedis artery
77
Posterior artery:(1)
Supplies blood to ankles and back of lower leg
78
Dorsalis pedis artery: (1)
Supplies foot with blood
79
What is Reflexolgy:(2)
Method of applying pressure to specific points on hands/feet with fingers Promotes health benefits to specific parts of the body
80
What are the types of contraindications to a massage:(3)
Total- no massage Relative- with doctors note, and modified massage Local- local area on body should be avoided
81
Total and relative contraindications of a massage:(5)
Disorders of nervous system - stroke, undiagnosed headaches Disorders of heart and blood- heart attack, hemophilia, severe anemia Disorder of cardiovascular system- varicose veins, phlebitis During cancer treatment Requires doctors note
82
Local contraindications:(4)
Infectious skin conditions – warts, verruca's, athletes foot Urinary system disorders – Uti, prostate, incontinence, kidney Skeletal injuries- fractures, sprains, broken bones Joint problems- arthritis
83
Other contraindications to massage:(2)
Pregnancy Non-infectious skin conditions – blisters, eczema, psoriasis, wounds
84
What is a systemic disease:(2)
Disease that affects other parts of the body or even the whole body Composed of tissue such as; blood vessels, nerves, skin, bones, muscles/tendons/ligaments
85
What are some systemic diseases:(7)
Autoimmune disease Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Graves' disease Hashimoto's Lupus Multiple sclerosis
86
Signs of systemic disease on hands:(7)
Nail plate change and weakening Arthritic- swelling and stiffness Red dots around cuticles Psoriasis of nails and nail bed Leukonychia Pincer nails Carpel tunnel
87
Senior clients:
Immune compromised Artery and vein issues Mobility issues
88
Signs of systemic disease in legs and feet:(9)
Tired/heavy legs Swelling Slow healing Varicose veins Cramps Tingling Shiny redness Loss of hair Ulcers/abrasions
89
superficial peroneal nerve
- aka musculocutaneous nerve - extends down leg supplying impulses to muscles and skin of the leg

Nail Fundamentals (3 decks)

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