Test 2 Flashcards
(52 cards)
what is the head structure?
- Cranial bones
- Sutures
- Facial bones
- Facial muscles
- Salivary glands
what is the neck structure?
- Neck
muscles - Anterior and
posterior triangles - Thyroid gland
what is Lymphatics?
is part of the immune system. It keeps body fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections.
what are Lymphatics locations?
- Preauricular (Infront of ear)
- Posterior auricular (behind ear- mastoid)
- Occipital (occipital bone)
- Submental (under the mandible)
- Submandibular
- Tonsillar
- Superficial cervical
- Deep cervical
- Posterior cervical
- Supraclavicular
Subjective Data: Health History?
- Headache
- Head injury
- Dizziness
- Neck pain or limitation of motion
- Lumps or swelling
- History of head or neck surgery
objective data of Lymphatics (head)?
- inspect the head, skull and face.
- normocephalic: normal shape and size.
- temporal area: temporal artery, Temporomandibular joint
objective data of neck?
1) inspect and palpate Lymph nodes.
2) Trachea
3) Thyroid gland: use anterior, posterior approach. also Auscultate for bruit.
assessment of the eye:
- Snellen eye chart
- Near vision
- confrontation test
inspect the eye for: Corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test)
What type of breath sounds are often described as discontinuous, high-pitched, and popping?
Crackles (Rales)
continuous, low-pitched sounds that are best heard when you’re breathing out (also called “expiration”). also has bubbling/snoring sound
Rhonchi
high-pitched, harsh, crowing sound that is typically heard during inspiration.
Stridor
- Loud and high-pitched.
- Expiration is longer than inspiration.
- Harsh and tubular quality.
Bronchial Breath Sounds
- Over the major bronchi (tracheal bifurcation).
- Moderate pitch.
- Inspiration ≈ Expiration.
- Heard between scapulae and near upper sternum.
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular breaths
- Low intensity.
- Inspiration is longer than expiration.
- Soft, rustling quality
what assessments is used to assess emotional and cognitive functioning of patient?
Mental Status Examination
what is a detailed mental assessment include?
Appearance of patient:
* Posture
* Body movements
* Dress
* Grooming and hygiene
Behaviours of patient:
* Level of consciousness
* Facial expression
* Speech
* Mood and Affect
Cognitive Functions of pt:
- attention, old and new memory, new learning (4 unrelated word test)
what is Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)?
for assessing cognitive performance in mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairement, for people: aged 55–85 years
what is mini cog test?
The Mini Cog is a simple screening test for cognitive impairment. It combines a** brief memory test** and a simply scored clock-drawing test and allows rapid screening for short term memory defects, learning and different cognitive abilities that are impaired in dementia patients
Mini Mental State Examination
(MMSE)?
performed on pt who may be confused, such as after a head injury or during a sudden episode of illness such as an infection. also to determine if pt has dementia.
- Impacted by level of education. (writing)
example of Assessment and Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)?
-Nutritional patterns
* Sleep/rest changes
* Activity/mobility
- relationships
- spirituality
…
the sources of pain?
- Nociceptive: Caused by tissue injury; well localized
- Described as “aching” or “throbbing”
- Somatic pain: occurs in tissues such as the muscles, skin, or joints.
- visceral pain: internal organs.
- neuropathic: pain within the nerve, affects the nerves that carry sensations to your brain.
- Referred pain: Originates in one location but is felt in another site. ex when you have an injury in one area of your body but feel pain somewhere else the reason because it Innervated by same spinal nerve.
what are the types of pain
- Acute pain: short term, Follows a predictable trajectory like when getting a cut on skin.
- Persistent (chronic) pain: long standing pain that persists beyond the usual recovery period.
talk about some pain assessments tool?
- Graduated scale (0–10)
- Faces Pain Scale
- Visual analogue scale
types of nonverbal pain?
*Acute: Guarding, grimacing, vocalizations (moaning), agitation.
*Persistent: Person adapts over time to chronic pain
