Test 2 Flashcards by Megan Noss

An opening exposed on the earth’s where volcanic material is emitted

Volcanic vent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

magma that has a high viscosity and high silica and gas content; eruption tends to be very explosive- this is usually associated with supervolcanoes like Yellowstone

Rhyolitic magma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountian

Caldera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An opening exposed on the earth’s surface where volcanic material is emitted

Volcanic vent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

magma that is a mix of basaltic and rhyolitic; eruption may or may not be explosive (usually dangerous though)

andesitic magma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the smallest type of tephra

volcanic ash and dust

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Largest volcano in the solar system and type

Olympus Mons- Shield Volcano on Mars

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

locations where plumes of magma burn through the earth’s surface even though it is NOT on a plate boundary

hot spot volcanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mt. St. Helens is an example of this kind of volcanism

convergent volcanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

More viscous (thicker or stickier) lavas, musch more explosive eruptions; tall with steep sides, these are the most common large cones

Composite or Stratovolcano

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

magma with the least amount of silica, rarely explosive eruption- the magma is the hottest and the runniest

basaltic magma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam

volcanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where plates separate, magma rises to fill gaps

divergent volcanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type of volcanism that occurs due to subduction

convergent volcanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hawaii is an example of this kind of volcanism

hot spot volcanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bowl or circular shaped depression around the vent

volcanic crater

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an underground pool that holds magma, below a volcano

magma chamber

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gently sloping sides, quiet eruptions, magma is very runny (low viscosity)

shield volcano

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent; they can occur anywhere

cinder cone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lava that is sharp when cool and crumbles into large jagged chunks

aa lava

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks

tephra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pebble like bits of magma that cool in the air

lapilli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a violent type of mudflow coming from the melted snow or glacier on the top of a volcano; it often kills many more people and animals than the eruption itself

Lahar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ocean to continent convergence is usually associated with this type of magma

andestic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ocean plate hotspot volcanism or ocean to ocean convergence or ocean to ocean divergence is associated with this type of magma chamber

basaltic

continental plate hotspot volcanism is associated with this type of magma chamber

rhyolitic

widest of all volcanoes

shield volcano

ring of fire volcanic cone type

composite

crater formed after the collapse of an emptied magma chamber

caldera

built from nonexplosive eruptions and has gently sloping sides

shield volcano

composite volcano also known as

stratovolcano

a volcano built up of alternate layers of lava/ash with explosive eruptions

stratovolcano

ropy, basaltic lava flow

pahoehoe

rhyolitic magma is think and sticky because

of high silica content, it forms from melted continental crust

low viscosity, high temps, and low silica

basaltic magma

three types of magma are

basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

low viscosity magma is associated with

high temps, less trapped gas, and lower silica content

the viscosity of magma depends on

temp and silica levels

stratovolcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

convergent (subduction zone) O:C

shield volcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

convergent O:O or hot spot under oceanic plate

What is Lapilli

bits of lava that hardens in the air, like pebbles

ash, blocks, and bombs are pieces of

tephra

a mudflow composed of pyroclastic material and water

lahar

superheated gas and ash that speeds downhill from an eruption

nuee ardent

How many major eruptions has Yellowstone Caldera have over the years?

what national park is actually a supervolcano

Yellowstone

Produces aa and pahoe pahoe lava

shield

what is magma

molten rock inside earth

what is lava

molten rock that flows onto the Earth's surface

second most explosive type of volcano, like Dante's Peak

Composite/Stratovolcano

stratovolcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

convergent (subduction) O:C

Volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries are associated with

hot spots

elements associated with Basaltic Magma are dense and dark. What are the 3 main elements in this type of magma?

iron, magnesium, and calcium

Elements associated with Rhyolitic Magma are light in color and low density. What do they have the highest percentage of

silicon and oxygen

equation for silicon dioxide

SiO2

which type of magma is in the middle, it is still has violent eruptions, but not like super eruption

Andesitic

Dante's Peak was loosely based on which volcanic eruption in the US

Mt. St. Helens

5 parts that make a mineral

naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystal pattern, definite chemical composition

cooling of magma or lava, precipitation from water, recrystallization from other minerals

minerals form from

A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals

Mohs Hardness Scale

The way a mineral reflects light from its surface

luster

shiny like glass

vitreous luster

shiny like metal

metallic luster

the color of a mineral in powdered form that is sometimes different from the color of the mineral

streak

the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces and form regular shapes every time it is broken

Cleavage

Minerals that don't form regular shapes when they break are said to have

fracture

Relationship between temperature and volume

direct (higher temp, higher volume; lower temp, lower volume)

Charles Law

V1/T1=V2/T2

Force per unit

pressure

relationship between pressure and volume

inverse (more volume, less pressure; less volume, more pressure)

Boyles Law

P1V1=P2V2

relationship between pressure and temperature

direct (higher temp, higher pressure; lower temp, lower pressure)

Gay-Lussac's Law

P1/T1=P2/T2

Located in the top left of the element box on periodic table

atomic number

Number across the columns (periodic table)

Group

Number across the rows (periodic table)

Period

Number of protons are equal to atomic number

True

Mass number- protons=

neutrons

Charge is also called

oxidation number

Group 1 has a charge of

Group 2 has a charge of

Group 13 has a charge of

Group 15 has a charge of

-3

Group 16 has a charge of

-2

Group 17 has a charge of

-1

Group 18 has a charge of

0, has everything that they need

Groups 3-12 are transitional metals so their charge

varies based off what it is paired with

Group 14 have a charge of

+ or - 4

Has 1 singular element

Elements

Covalent Bond

Molecules

Ionic Bond

Salts

Have 2 or more different types of elements chemically bonded together

Compounds

Salt is made distinct by repeating the pattern

NaClNaClNaCl

Molecule can be just the formula

H2O

Hydrogen

H+

Sodium

Na+

Potassium

K+

Lithium

Li+

Calcium

Ca+2

Magnesium

Mg+2

Barium

Ba+2

Aluminum

Al+3

Gallium

Ga+3

Chlorine

Cl-

Flourine

F-

Bromine

Br-

Iodine

I-

Oxygen

O-2

Sulfur

S-2

Nitrogen

N-3

Phosphorus

P-3

Empirical Formulas

Balanced positive and negative ions

Sodium and Chlorine

NaCl

Calcium and Oxygen

CaO

Barium and Flourine

BaF2

Aluminum and Oxygen

Al2O3

Some atoms bond together to form something that behaves like a single ion

polyatomic ions

Hydroxide

OH^-

Carbonate

CO3 ^-2

Nitrate

NO3 ^-

Sulfate

SO4 ^-2

Phosphate

PO4 ^-3

Ammonium

NH4 ^+

Organic Materials

what are bodies are made of

smallest particle of elements

Atom

cannot be broken down into simpler form

Element

group of bonded atoms that act as a unit

Molecule

chemical combination of 2+ different elements

Compound

atoms with differing number of neutrons

isotope

electronically charged particles with uneven number of protons and elctrons

Ions

Test 2 Flashcards

(130 cards)