test 2

Question 1

what are mediators of mourning

Answer 1

how people grieve is determined by many factors, and these tasks are mediated by various factors

Question 2

a mediator of grief - who the person who died was

Answer 2

• the sort of relationship between the deceased and the survivor
• closer the relationship the more intense grief
• who the person was to someone else

Question 3

a mediator of grief - nature of the attachment

Answer 3

• strength of attachment
• greater the love greater the grief
• security of attachment (sense of well being had from deceased)
• ambivalence in relationship (really mixed feelings in relationship can = guilt and anger)
• conflict with deceased (leave unfinished business)
• dependent relationships (stronger grief when survivor was dependent on deceased)

Question 4

a mediator of grief - how the person died

Answer 4

• natural, accidental, suicidal, homicidal
• proximity
• suddenness
• violent/traumatic death (lead to complicated grief)
• multiple losses (too many deaths can be unmanageable)
• preventable death (guilt, blame, culpability)
• ambiguous death (not knowing for sure)
• stigmatized deaths (suicide/aids/miscarriage)

Question 5

a mediator of grief - historical antecedents

Answer 5

• if the person has experienced grief before and how they dealt with it
• unresolved loss can transcend generations and affect current mourning process

Question 6

a mediator of grief - personality variables

Answer 6

• age and gender
• coping style
• attachment style
• cognitive style
• ego strength (better self esteem better adjustment)
• assumptive world (possible spiritual crisis/people who believe in god plan adjust better)

Question 7

problem solving coping

Answer 7

change to a method that works or ineffectively quite when that one method used doesn’t work

Question 8

active emotional coping

Answer 8

redefinition, or the ability to find something positive in a bad situation (using humor, venting, accepting support)

Question 9

avoidant emotional coping

Answer 9

least effective, includes blaming, distraction, and social withdrawal

Question 10

secure attachment style

Answer 10

developed through good parenting and other early healthy relationships
- when there is loss, pain of sorrow is processed and develops continuing bond with the lost loved one

Question 11

insecure attachment style

Answer 11

when parenting/early relationships are not secure

Question 12

anxious/preoccupied attachment

Answer 12

super sensitive to slights and other negative neglect in a relationship. shows high levels of stress at the time of death and coping is difficult

Question 13

anxious/ambivalent attachment

Answer 13

love and hate coexist in relationship. usually only the love comes out when the person dies and makes them larger than life

Question 14

avoidant/dismissing attachment

Answer 14

behavior is organized around the goal of self reliance and independence. show minimal emotions to a death

Question 15

avoidant/fearful attachment

Answer 15

have long histories of tentative attachments and can go into depression when an attachment is severed due to a death

Question 16

rumination

Answer 16

focus on the negative without taking action to relieve these emotions

Question 17

a mediator of grief - social variables

Answer 17

• grieving is a social phenomenon
• support can lessen after time due to need to move on

Question 18

a mediator of grief - concurrent stress

Answer 18

• high levels of disruption (secondary loss) following death can create higher levels of depression
• economic factors of a spouse dying effecting the whole family etc

Question 19

when is mourning finished

Answer 19

• when person completes the final mourning phase/task completed
• when person is able to think of deceased without pain
• when person can reinvest their emotions back in their life

Question 20

grief counseling vs therapy

Answer 20

• counseling = help people facilitate uncomplicated grief, or normal grief, to a healthy adaptation to the tasks of mourning within a reasonable time frame
• therapy = specialized techniques, that are used to help people with abnormal or complicated grief reactions

Question 21

goals of grief counseling

Answer 21

help survivor adapt to the loss of a loved one and be able to adjust to a new reality without that person

Question 22

Specific goals of counseling

Answer 22

• Increasing the reality of the loss
• Help deal with emotional and behavioral pain
• Helping overcome impediments to readjustment after the loss

Question 23

who does grief counseling

Answer 23

• Professional services by trained doctors, nurses, psychologists, social workers, etc
• Volunteers are selected and trained (ex. Widow to widow programs)
• Self help groups like compassionate friends (like bereaved people helping other bereaved people)

Question 24

when to do grief counseling

Answer 24

• Usually within a week following the death
• not too soon
• If the family has contacted a counselor beforehand, the counselor may contact them at the time of death (ex. hospice)

Question 25

where should grief counseling be done

Answer 25

- Grief counseling can be done in an office, hospital, or home - Grief therapy should only be in a professional office

Question 26

who receives grief counseling

Answer 26

- All individuals - anyone who has experienced a death related loss - People wait to experience difficulty and then seek counseling - Preventive model for mental health, predict in advance who will have difficulty coping

Question 27

Significant predictors for person who would not do well 1-2 years following the death

Answer 27

- high level of perceived non supportiveness in the bereaved social network - moderate level of perceived non supportiveness occurring together with particularly traumatic circumstance of the death - previously highly contradiction marital relationship with the deceased, traumatic circumstances of the death, and any unmet needs - presence of a concurrent life crisis

Question 28

Other dimensions that could contribute to a need for intervention at the 4 week post death assessment

Answer 28

- Young children at home - Lower social class - Employment little, if any at all - High anger - Pining - Lacking current relationships

Question 29

Counseling procedures

Answer 29

- Help the survivor actualize the loss - Help the survivor to identify and express feelings - Help living without the deceased - Help find meaning in the loss - Facilitate emotional relocation of the deceased - Provide time to grieve - Interpret “normal” behavior - Allow for individual differences - Examine defenses and coping styles - Identify pathology and refer

Question 30

facilitating grief through the funeral ritual

Answer 30

- a funeral service can aid and abet the healthy resolution of grief - Can help make real the fact of the loss - Can give people an opportunity to express thoughts and feelings about the deceased - Drawing a social support network close to the bereaved shortly after the loss - Continued contact with the family helps facilitate grief

Question 31

why people fail to grieve

Answer 31

- relational factors - circumstantial factors - historical factors - personality factors - social factors

Question 32

narcissistic relationship

Answer 32

when the deceased was an extension of oneself, to admit the loss would necessitate confronting a loss of part of oneself

Question 33

how does grief go wrong

Answer 33

grief without progression of the mourning process - an increase in intensity and duration

Question 34

chronic grief reaction

Answer 34

excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion

Question 35

delayed grief reaction

Answer 35

inhibited, suppressed, or postponed grief reaction

Question 36

exaggerated grief reaction

Answer 36

clinical depression, anxiety, phobias, alcoholism, and substance abuse, PTSD

Question 37

masked grief reaction

Answer 37

experience symptoms and behaviors that cause them difficulty, but they do not recognize the fact that the symptoms or behaviors are related to the loss