test 2

Question 1

Which of the following structures can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge?
a) spicules and choanocytes
b) amoebocytes and polyps
c) amoebocytes and choanocytes
d) amoebocytes and spicules

Answer 1

d) amoebocytes and spicules

Question 2

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?
a) cnidaria- flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, does not have a coelom or hemocoel
b) Platyhelminthes- radical symmetry, polyp, and medusa body forms
c) Echinodermata- bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system
d) Nematoda- segmented worms, closed ciculatory system

Answer 2

c) Echinodermata- bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics of their exoskeletons is exhibited by both arthropods and mollusks?
a) they are comprised of the polysaccharide
b) they are separated by the mantle
c) they help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats
d) they completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 3

c) they help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats

Question 4

The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a hemocoel, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that occasionally sheds. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
a) Nematoda
b) Arthropoda
c) Platyhelminthes
d) Annelida

Answer 4

a) Nematoda

Question 5

The presences of which of the following anatomical would best distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?
a) production of eggs
b)presence of a rasp-like feeding structure
c) presence of a muscular foot
d) dorsal plates

Answer 5

d) dorsal plates

Question 6

Fungi interact with many organisms in mutualistic ways. Which of the following involves a fungus that is mutualistic with other organisms?
a) a fungus that is raised by ants on leaves that the ants collect from trees and shrubs
b) a fungus and a protozoan that live together as a lichen
c) a funus that produces penicillin that is used by humans to kill infectious bacteria
d) a fungus that lives inside plant roots and produces toxins that kill neighboring plants.

Answer 6

a) a fungus that is raised by ants on leaves that the ants collect from trees and shrubs

Question 7

Which of the organisms is most classified as something other than an animal?
a) coral
b) jellyfish
c) sponge
d) choanoflagellate

Answer 7

d) choanoflagellate

Question 8

Which of the following statements describes sponges?
a) they have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of flagella
b) they are the simplest diploblastic animals
c) they have feeding cells called dinoflagellates
d) they have a nerve net but not a central nervous system

Answer 8

a) they have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of flagella

Question 9

which of the following structures in an ascomycete is haploid?
a) ascospore
b) ascocarp
c) basidium
d) ascus

Answer 9

a) ascospore

Question 10

In which of the following ways did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vertebrate lineages?
a) it was the first stage in the development of a bony skull
b) it made additional food sources available
c) it increased the surface area for respiration and feeding
d) it allowed for smaller body size

Answer 10

b) it made additional food sources available

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the diversification of animals is supported by the current available evidence?
a) animals descended from multiple ancestors
b) ctenophores are basal metazoans
c) most animals belong the clade Bilateria
d) sponges are a paraphyletic group of organisms

Answer 10

c) most animals belong the clade Bilateria

Question 11

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?
a) porifera- gastrovascular cavity, coelomate
b) Echinodermata- bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelomate
c) Platyhelminthes- flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
d) Nematoda- roundworms, pseudocoelomate

Answer 11

a) porifera- gastrovascular cavity, coelomate

Question 11

Which of the following describes the evolution of multicellularity in fungi and animals?
a) serial Endosymbioses
b) convergent evolution
c) inheritance of acquired traits
d) common ancestry

Answer 11

b) convergent evolution

Question 12

In early chordates, the primitive pharyngeal slits carried out which of the following functions
a) suspension-feeding devices
b) sites of respiration
c) components of the jaw
d) the digestive system’s opening

Answer 12

a) suspension-feeding devices

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by both monotremes and marsupials?
a) have some embryonic development outside the uterus
b) lack nipples
c) lay eggs
d) are found in Australia and Africa

Answer 12

a) have some embryonic development outside the uterus

Question 13

Which of the following groups includes the greatest number of organisms?
a) amphibians
b) lobe-fins
c) gnathostomes
d) osteichthyans

Answer 13

c) gnathostomes

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the geographic distribution of marsupials is accurate?
a) they occur only in Africa
b) they occur on all continents except Antarctica
c) they occur only in Australia and New Guinea
d) They occur in Australia and the Americas

Answer 14

d) They occur in Australia and the Americas

Question 15

Which of the following statements applies to both nematodes and arthropods?
a) are parasites
b) have ciliated larvae
c) develop anus from the blastopore (pore) formed in the gastrula stage
d) grow in conjunction with shedding in their exoskeleton

Answer 15

d

Question 16

For the past several decades, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. Sexual reproduction has not been observed in B. dendrobatidis. If its morphology and genetics did not identify it as a chytridiomycete, then to which fungal group would B. dendrobatidis be assigned?
A) zygomycetes
b) deuteromycetes
c) basidiomycetes
d) glomeromycetes

Answer 16

b) deuteromycetes

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
A) a digestive system with a single opening
B) a distinct head
C) radial symmetry
D) dorsoventrally flattened bodies

Answer 17

A) a digestive system with a single opening

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics allowed early gnathostomes to become successful predators?
A) fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange through the skin
B) lobe fins that allowed temporary access to land and improved gas exchange through the skin
C) lobe fins that allowed temporary access to land and improved gas exchange in the gills
D) fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange in the gills

Answer 18

D) fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange in the gills

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics do all insects exhibit?
A) they have jointed appendages and spicules
B) they undergo complete metamorphosis and have segmented bodies
C) they have an exoskeleton or cuticle
D) they have jointed appendages and a radula

Answer 19

C) they have an exoskeleton or cuticle

Question 20

Which of the following describes a reproductive strategy in yeast?
A) they undergo meiosis, producing two cells of unequal size
B) they pinch off “bud cells” that are smaller than the parent cell
C) they pinch off “bud cells” that are larger than the parent cell
D) they undergo meiosis, producing two cells of equal size

Answer 20

B) they pinch off “bud cells” that are smaller than the parent cell

Question 21

Which of the following organisms was most likely the most recent common ancestor of all animals?
A) multicellular algae
B) unicellular chytrid
C) flagellated protist
D) multicellular fungus

Answer 21

C) flagellated protist

Question 22

Which tissue type or organ is correctly matched with its germ layer tissue? A) muscular–ectoderm B) skin–ectoderm C) nervous–mesoderm D) stomach–mesoderm

Answer 22

B) skin–ectoderm

Question 23

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. Which of the following distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy? A) most animals derive their nutrition by using enzymes to digest their food B) most animals derive their nutrition by preying on other animals C) most animals derive their nutrition by consuming living, rather than dead, prey D) most animals derive their nutrition by ingesting materials

Answer 23

D) most animals derive their nutrition by ingesting materials

Question 23

Which of the following characteristics is shared among animals ranging from corals to monkeys? A) sexual reproduction B) a lack of body symmetry C) number of embryonic tissue layers D) a mouth and an anus

Answer 23

A) sexual reproduction

Question 24

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following types of cells? A) cells with a single haploid nucleus or dikaryotic cells B) dikaryotic cells or cells with two diploid nuclei C) heterokaryotic cells or cells with two diploid nuclei D) heterokaryotic cells or dikaryotic cells

Answer 24

D) heterokaryotic cells or dikaryotic cells

Question 25

Which of the following structures in insects functions in gas exchange? A) antennae B) chelicerae C) spiracles D) compound eyes

Answer 25

C) spiracles

Question 26

While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a coelom and a hemocoel. To which group of organisms did these eggs likely belong? A) nematodes B) arthropods C) molluscs D) echinoderms

Answer 26

C) molluscs