TEST 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Stamp Act
- Tax on printed materials
- Created violence against colonial leaders
- First of the new tax acts
- RESPONSE: Created the committees of correspondence - different colonies communicate and cooperated with each other
Townshend Acts
- A series of new taxes on new goods, including tea
- Led to boycott goods that were being taxed
- they were not represented in parliament so they shouldn’t be taxed
- Changed consumer taste and avoided buying said taxed goods
- NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
- RESPONSE: Boycott of taxed goods - all the taxes were removed except on tea
Proclamation Line of 1763
- Was the British’s response to Pontiac’s rebellion
- A line drawn along the Appalachian mountains
- Prevented further settlement which some settlers ignored, which was dangerous because they had no protection on natives that could attack them
Tea Act & Boston Tea Party
Tea Act: Lowered the tax on tea
Some colonists saw it as a bribe
Boston Tea Party: They reacted by breaking into a ship and dumping all the tea
Coercive Acts
- Direct response to the Boston Tea Party
- Closed Boston harbors until they repaid the tea
- Forced quartering of more British troops
- Stripped Massachusetts from their colonial rights
- Forced quartering of British Troops
- All trials were done by the British
RESPONSE BY THE COLONISTS: Lead to the continental congress forming, Lexington and Concord
Describe the causes and effects of the Seven Years War and its role in the American Revolution
Causes: conflict over disputed territory over the ohio region that the french, british, and native wanted it.
Effects: It created a much bigger British North America, more expensive (taxes), the colonists participated willingly and should be given the same rights as the British citizens, but the British disagreed and they tried to control to colonies more.
Understand the ideological (ideas) that were at the root of the causes of the American Revolution, including some of the legal or constitutional arguments made by the colonists
THE ENLIGHTENMENT: the idea of natural rights and having a voice in your government, and that republican forms of government were the right form of government.
British citizens had rights protected in their constitution
British citizens couldnt be taxed unless they were represented, and the colonists were not represented, which started the argument of why they were taxed by the British rather than their own governing bodies.
List the factors that led to the (unlikely) American victory
French partnership: giving money, training, soldiers, and ships without it, it was unlikely they would win.
The war was being fought on their home turf: across the ocean from Great Britain
Most of the colonies were under patriot control, so their money/taxes were going to the colonists’ side.
Leadership of George Washington: good leadership and well respected which helped hold the military together and decided to fight a defensive war.
Tactics: Ambushing usually generals, he largely avoided conflict head on with other arrmies.
Because they had home advantage, they could spy on the British, which allowed them to plan ahead and obtain more information.
List the major turning points of the American Revolutionary War
BATTLE OF SARATOGA: Capture a big british army, which helped cause the french to join our side.
Battle of Yorktown: tricked cornwallis and the british to being trapped in the peninsula
Describe the ways in which the American Revolution can be viewed as a civil war
15-20% of colonists were still LOYAL to Britain
40-45% were patriots
30-35% were NEUTRAL - they didn’t want a war; they were stuck between both sides
Backcountry fighting in North & South Carolina - Americans fighting Americans
They essentially were British fighting British.
Describe the role of Native Americans in the major conflicts of the era and the impact those conflicts had on Native American groups:
Seven Years’ War
NATIVES WERE KEY PLAYERS IN THE WAR
THE WAR RIDDED THE COUNTRY OF FRANCE
Hurt native political positions
Result was pontiac’s rebellion
Describe the role of Native Americans in the major conflicts of the era and the impact those conflicts had on Native American groups:
American Revolution
Most native american tribes who fought in the war fought for the British
The American victory was a huge net loss for the native americans because the American government was going to try to expand their territory by taking it from the Native Americans.
The british was about protecting the native land claims
Describe the role of Native Americans in the major conflicts of the era and the impact those conflicts had on Native American groups:
Western Confederacy & Treaty of Greenville
Western Confederacy is another example of multiple different tribes coming together and fighting against the Americans trying to protect their claims of land
Treaty of Greenville recognized the land belonged to the native Americans, but forced them to sell the state of Ohio to them
Describe the various causes and effects of peaceful & violent political protest during the era from 1754-1800 (make sure to define as a peaceful or violent protest):
Regulators
Two regulator movements backcountry of NC and SC
Violent protests against what they thought were unfair taxes
unfair representation for back bone countries
lack of resources put into those areas
taxed but no courthouses or police
Were not being represented in there being taxed but not getting any of the benefits of it
Describe the various causes and effects of peaceful & violent political protest during the era from 1754-1800 (make sure to define as a peaceful or violent protest):
Sons of Liberty & the Boston Tea Party
The “violent” rebellion by throwing tea overboard, destruction of private property
Response to the tea acts
Describe the various causes and effects of peaceful & violent political protest during the era from 1754-1800 (make sure to define as a peaceful or violent protest):
Shay’s Rebellion
After the American Revolution
This was a rebellion against the Massachusetts government, the perception that the government was governing for the elites by the elites
Violent
Led to the constitutional convention
Describe the various causes and effects of peaceful & violent political protest during the era from 1754-1800 (make sure to define as a peaceful or violent protest):
Boycott & nonimportation movements
Response to townshend acts, peaceful boycotts
colonists refused to buy british taxed goods
VERY SUCCESSFUL, ONLY TEA ACTS REMAINED
Describe the various causes and effects of peaceful & violent political protest during the era from 1754-1800 (make sure to define as a peaceful or violent protest):
Whiskey Rebellion
Another violent uprising in PA and NY
Response on the new federal government taxing their whiskey
New federal gov could directly tax citizens
The federal government could put down rebellions
Describe the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the problems it created
Created states united, not united states
- Each state was its own sovereign nation
- Could each create their own laws and treaties foreign policy
The national government that existed was incredibly weak and did not create much unity
- Could not tax
- Could not create treaties
- Difficult to pass laws - 9/13 states had to vote and each state had one vote (Substantial changes needed all 13 states to approve)
Describe the key compromises and debates that shaped the Constitutional Convention and the ratification process of the U.S. Constitution
Some wanted a powerful government, some wanted another confederation
Virginia = stronger gov, solely on population, disagreed with slavery
New Jersey plan: Weak national government, each state had the same amount of votes, wanted slavery
Connecticut Compromise: 3/5ths compromise, bicameral legislature: HoR - Population, Senate - 2 per state
Lacked bill of rights
BIG ISSUES: SLAVE REPRESENTATION, VOTES IN CONGRESS, SLAVERY AND SLAVE TRADE, BILL OF RIGHTS,
Describe the main features of the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights and how it changed the nature of American government after the Articles of Confederation
Transformed from states united to united states
Division of powers:
Three branches, split powers between
Check and balance each other
Division of powers between states and federal govt
There was flexibility and room for interpretation
Necessary and proper clause:
Gov’t could do what was “necessary”
Interstate commerce clause:
Anything that crosses the state line they have power of (wind, water, goods, etc)
Describe the causes and effects of American westward expansion from 1776-1800, including each of the following:
Treaty of Paris
Treaty that ends the American Revolution
Grants control to the US for all the land to the Mississippi river.
Describe the causes and effects of American westward expansion from 1776-1800, including each of the following:
Northwest Ordinance
Series of laws passed by the Articles of Confederation
Created orderly process to sell land to private families
New territories that became states joined as equals to the original 13
North west territories slavery forbidden southeast still allowed it
Start of the civil war separation
Describe the causes and effects of American westward expansion from 1776-1800, including each of the following:
Policies towards Native Americans
General policy: Aggressive Military expansion - created treaties then forced the native americans to sign them (Sham)
Sham treaties: weren’t valid at all; didn’t follow through, bought land from a different tribe, or bought land from a small group of the tribe without full tribe approval.
