Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anesthesia > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pupil MYDRIASIS

A

Dilation (excitement)
Stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pupil MIOSIS

A

Pupil constriction
Stage 3 Plane 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why can’t you use pupils for depth and monitoring when you use anticholinergics?

A

They dilate pupils
Makes pupil size unreliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why can’t you use pupils for depth and monitoring after using acepromazine?

A

3rd eyelid prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why can’t you use pupils for depth and monitoring after using ketamine?

A

Causes eyes to stay central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What body parts can you use to check muscle tone?

A

Jaw tone
Leg tone
Anal tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5PCL reflexes to monitor

A

Pinnal
Palpebral
Pedal
Patellar
Pharyngeal
Coronal
Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the SP02 monitor?

A

Arterial blood oxygen saturation
Pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the capnometer useful for monitoring for?

A

Hypoventilation
Apnea
Airway obstruction
Breathing circuit disconnections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal CVP readings

A

<8cm H2O
12-15cm H2O is elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you need in order to do a blood gas analysis?

A

Fresh arterial blood sample (<2hrs old)
Stored on ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does blood gas analysis measure?

A

Amount of O2 or CO2 present in artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Should PaO2 be low or high?

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Should PaCO2 be low or high?

A

Low
Often high due to respiratory depression under general anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can you quickly assess how the patient is doing under GA?

A

Vital signs (TPR, CRT, MM)
Depth (muscle tones, pupil position)
Anesthetic machines (flow and concentration)
IV drip (rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Typical recovery sequence

A

Deeper and rapid resp
HR increases
Reflexes return
Movement beings
Swallow reflex
Central pupil rotation
MM pink and CRT less
Shivering or growling
Focused open eyes
Strong movements
Vocalizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is laryngospasm?

A

Exaggerated and prolonged laryngeal reflex
Reflex closure of the arytenoid cartilage at the tracheal opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to treat laryngospasm

A

Give oxygen if MM still pink
Reinduce and reintubate if cyanotic
Possibly give Dexamethasone to decrease inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How to avoid self injury in horses

A

Recovery in padded stalls or grassy areas
Padded helmets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How to avoid self injury in cats

A

Trim nails (clawing at mouth with ketamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other self injury to prevent

A

Drowning
Strangulation
Fractures/concussions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 2 types of stormy recoveries?

A

Excitement/hallucination in conscious animals
Vocalization and paddling in unconscious animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Excitement/hallucinations in conscious animals

A

Ketamine induction
Reduce stimulations
Consider diazepam or ace if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vocalization and paddling in unconscious animals

A

Barbiturate inductions
Reassure patient to reduce anxiety
Consider diazepam IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How to treat prolonged recoveries
IV fluids (flush out anesthetics) Restore body temp Reversal agent
26
Anesthesia related post-op complications
Aspiration pneumonia ET tube necrosis Ataxia Post-op pain Shock Seromas
27
Principles of operation of anesthetic machines
Carrier gas Liquid inhalant Mixed gas delivered to patient Exhaled gas removed from patient
28
Oxygen tanks : attached directly to anesthetic machine (26 ft, 3 or 660L) Small
E tank
29
Oxygen tanks : attached remotely to the anesthetic machine (164ft, 5331L) Medium
G tank
30
Attached remotely to the anesthetic machine (244ft, 5570-7500L) Large
H tank
31
Nitrous oxide psi
500psi
32
How many hours will an E tank of oxygen last?
11 hours at 1L/min
33
How many hours will an E tank of nitrous oxide last?
25 hours at 1L/min
34
What is pin indexing? What does it prevent?
Prevents the wrong gas cylinder from being attached to the wrong yoke and regulator
35
What does it mean to crack a tank?
Open the new cylinder slightly before attaching it Blows dust out of the connections
36
What is a pressure reducing valve?
Reduces gas pressure to constant 40-50 psi from 2200psi
37
What is a non-precision vaporizer?
Used to deliver low vapour pressure anesthetics Rarely used
38
What is a precision vaporizer?
Used to deliver precise amounts of anesthetic to the patient
39
What does VIC mean?
Vaporizer-in-circuit
40
What does VOC mean?
Vaporizer-out-of-circuit
41
How do VIC’s work?
Oxygen enters the breathing circuit from the flow meter Exhaled gases pass through the vaporizer on return Non-precision vaporizers Low resistance gas flow
42
How do VOC’s work?
Not localized within breathing circuits Oxygen from flow meter enters the vaporizer before entering the breathing circuit Precision vaporizers High resistance gas flow
43
What is a compensated reading?
Direct reading What is on the dial is what you get
44
What is a non-compensated reading?
Indirect reading Outside factors may effect inhalant concentration
45
4 factors that affect concentration of anesthetic getting to the patient
Setting on the dial Flow rate of the gas Temperature Back pressure (bagging animal)
46
Colour coded vaporizers:
Iso = PURPLE Sevo = YELLOW Halothane = RED
47
Isoflurane induction and maintenance rate
Induction = 3-5% Maintenance = 1.5-2.5%
48
Sevoflurane induction and maintenance rate
Induction = 4-6% Maintenance = 2-4.5%
49
Types of non-rebreathing circuits
Bains Magill Jackson-Reese
50
How to calculate gas flow rates
Patient body weight Tidal volume 10ml/kg/min Resp min volume ie, 15kg x 10ml = 150ml/min 0.15L/min x 12rpm = 1.8L/min
51
What is the flow rate for masking?
30 times volume tidal for dogs, cats, neonates, large animals, and pigs 1-5L/min
52
What is the flow rate for a chamber?
5L/min for small animals
53
What is the flow rate in a SA semi-closed rebreathing system during induction and recovery?
50-100ml/kg/min
54
What is the flow rate in a LA semi-closed rebreathing system during induction and recovery?
8-10L/min
55
What is the flow rate in a SA semi-closed rebreathing system during maintenance?
20-40ml/kg/min
56
What is the flow rate in a LA semi-closed rebreathing system during maintenance?
3-5L/min
57
What is the minimum flow rate in a close rebreathing system?
5-10ml/kg/min
58
How to minimize mechanical dead space
Avoid mask maintenance Keep the Y piece close to the mouth Make sure the ET tube is not too long Bag the animal periodically
59
What do soda lime granules react with?
Carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate
60
If there is negative pressure in the circut, what could a patient develop?
Hypoxemia
61
What are some daily inspections on an anesthetic machine?
Oxygen and liquid anesthetic levels Leak test Soda lime
62
Daily maintenance of anesthetic machines
Leak tests Turn off oxygen Evacuate line pressure Turn off flow meter Clean and rinse ET tube, hose, and rebreathing bags
63
Disinfectants for anesthetic machines
Chlorhexidine gluconate Glutaraldehyde solutions Ethylene oxide
64
Things to be cautious about
Anesthetic waste gas Gas cylinders Compressed gases Carbon dioxide absorbers Anesthetic liquid spills Fires Caustic liquids
65
Possible hazards with anesthetic gas exposure
Transitory health problem effects Chronic long term health problems
66
What are some transitory health problems?
Nausea Fatigue Headaches Irritability Possible short lived effects of exposure to waste gases
67
What are some possible long term health problems associated with exposure to anesthetic gas?
Reproductive health Metabolic effects Neurological effects Carcinogenic effects
68
What metabolic effects do halothane cause?
Hepatitis
69
What metabolic effects does methoxyflurane cause?
Renal disease to patients and anesthetists
70
What metabolic effects does Isoflurane cause?
Minimal organ metabolism by the patient
71
What substance can cause cancer/carcinogenic effects?
Diethyl ether
72
What are some factors that affect amount of waste gas?
Scavenger system Flow rate Leaks Ventilation Equipment
73
How does flow rate affect waste gas exposure?
Higher oxygen flow rate and higher % of anesthetic concentration = higher excess waste gas
74
Where are leaks usually found in anesthetic machines?
Hoses Bags Soda lime Around ET tube Around mask edges
75
How many times does proper ventilation occur in the surgical suite?
10-15 air changes/hr
76
Techniques to avoid waste gas exposure
Avoid mask inductions Avoid anesthetic chambers Use working ET tubes Perform daily leak tests
77
What are the WHMIS regulated substances?
Oxygen Nitrous oxide Soda lime
78
What to do if there is a SMALL anesthetic spill?
Increase ventilation Absorbent material
79
What to do if there is a MEDIUM anesthetic spill?
Increase ventilation Absorbent material Use a respirator
80
What to do if there is a LARGE anesthetic spill? (ie, whole iso bottle dropped)
Increase ventilation Absorbent material Use a respirator Evacuate personnel immediately Call FD if no respirator
81
What should be done in case of a fire?
CVO requirement to post evacuation procedure for vet clinics Found in student handbook Small : fire extinguisher Large : alarm, 911, and evacuate people and animals if possible (into cars)
82
What to do if a caustic liquid gets on you
Flush skin with cold water for 15 mins Flush eyes for 20 mins Seek medical assistance MSDS sheet in clinics, labs, library, and REEK

Anesthesia (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions