Test 2

Question 1

What does the mitochondria require for energy?

Answer 1

Oxygen

Question 2

How does chloride get in and out of the cell?

Answer 2

Passive transport: facilitated diffusion

Question 3

What are ions?

Answer 3

atom or molecule that lost or gained electrons

Question 4

What is transcription?

Answer 4

turning DNA into RNA

Question 5

What is a cofactor, and give an example of one?

Answer 5

combines with an enzyme to activate them ex: copper, ion, zinc

Question 6

What is the order of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokenisis

Question 7

What is responsible for the flexibility of the cell?

Answer 7

The phospholipid bilayer

Question 8

What is the main differences of DNA and RNA

Answer 8

sugars and their bases

Question 9

Where are proteins made?

Answer 9

Ribosome

Question 10

What is the starting codon for all proteins?

Answer 10

AUG

Question 11

An amino acid is made up of how many nucleotides?

Answer 11

3 for each amino acid

Question 12

What is the significant difference between an organism that is 99.9% the same?

Answer 12

There is not enough to know the difference

Question 13

What is a selectin?

Answer 13

Cellular Adhesion molecule that coats white blood cells

Question 14

What part of the genome codes for proteins?

Answer 14

Exome

Question 15

When does synthesis of polypeptide chain stop?

Answer 15

when a specific stop codon is encountered

Question 16

Difference between translation vs transcription?

Answer 16

Translation: yields amino acids
Transcription: yields mRNA

Question 17

What is significant about stem cells?

Answer 17

They can replicate themselves

Question 18

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 18

Phosphate and a ribose in the uracil

Question 19

What happens to enzymes when they are released and what kind of reaction is it?

Answer 19

They can be recycled and used over and over and it is a catalyzed reaction

Question 20

What is a mutation?

Answer 20

Error in a DNA sequence

Question 21

What is hydrolosis?

Answer 21

water splitting (catabolic reaction)

Question 22

What kindve reaction is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 22

anabolic reaction

Question 23

Order of the genome?

Answer 23

Nitrogenous base, nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome

Question 24

When do the centromeres of the chromosome break apart in mitosis?

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

Why is DNA replicated?

Answer 25

So the daughter cells get the same genetic code

Question 26

Apoptosis

Answer 26

programmed cell death

Question 27

When is DNA replicated

Answer 27

S phase of interphase

Question 28

What can vesicles be formed by?

Answer 28

cell membrane

Question 29

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 29

Brain of the cell

Question 30

What do the chromosomes attach to?

Answer 30

Centromere

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

movement of water where there is higher solution of impermeable solute

Question 32

What are the 3 major parts of the cell?

Answer 32

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

Question 33

What genes are studied for cancer?

Answer 33

Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes

Question 34

What part of the chromosome is the mitotic clock?

Answer 34

Telomeres

Question 35

What type of RNA binds to the amino acids?

Answer 35

tRNA

Question 36

What pathway is enzyme-controlled reactions in?

Answer 36

Metabolic pathway

Question 37

Do smooth or rough ER have ribosomes

Answer 37

Rough ER

Question 38

What do you start and end with in the anaerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 38

Glucose and end with 2 pyruvic acids

Question 39

Where is the mitochondria located?

Answer 39

In the intercellular fluid (cytosol)

Question 40

What does it mean if someone is lactose intolerant?

Answer 40

That person does not have the lactase enzyme to break down the sugar in lactose

Question 41

What reaction only ends up with 23 chromsomes?

Answer 41

Meiosis

Question 42

What do lysosomes and peroxisomes have to break down things?

Answer 42

Enzymes

Question 43

What is the complimentary base paired to Thymine?

Answer 43

Adenine

Question 44

How does sodium get on the outside of the cell?

Answer 44

Active transport

Question 45

What causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 45

Abnormal chloride channels

Question 46

lysosomes

Answer 46

small membranous sacs that contain enzymes to break down proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, bacteria, debris

Question 47

Is cytosol extra fluid?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

Hypotonic solution

Answer 48

the cells gets bigger because water goes where the solute is highest (inside the cell)

Question 49

What is cellular respirations purpose?

Answer 49

Create cellular energy

Question 50

Where do mRNA and tRNA bind?

Answer 50

In the ribosome

Question 51

What in the cell is most affected by genetic disorders?

Answer 51

Mitochondria

Question 52

Phagocytosis

Answer 52

Solid particles

Question 53

How are simple and facilitated diffusion similar?

Answer 53

they use no energy and move from high to low

Question 54

What is the product of the citric acid cycle per glucose?

Answer 54

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 55

Where do aerobic reactions occur

Answer 55

Mitochondria

Question 56

Lack of blood cells will result in?

Answer 56

Necrosis

Question 57

Name the process by which genetic info within a mRNA strand is turned into a polypeptide bond?

Answer 57

Translation

Question 58

Endocytosis vs exocytosis

Answer 58

Endo is the movement of a substance into the cell inside a vesicle, and exo is the releases of them

Question 59

Bases for RNA

Answer 59

AUGC (single strand)

Question 60

Rule for ETC

Answer 60

1 NADH= 3 ATP 1 FADH2= 2 ATP

Question 61

Overall products of cellular respiration

Answer 61

C02, H20, energy 60% heat 40% energy Yield 38 ATP