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Dentistry > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Morse and Sickle

A

-Morse: pen grip, smaller than sickle, used straight onto the tooth to clean out ridges
-Sickle: Modified pen grip, used to remove supragingival calculus, removing calculus from pits, fissures, developmental grooves and interproximal areas

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2
Q

Curettes

A

-Used for subgingival calculus removal and root planning. Removal of subgingival calculus from the sulcus or adhered to the tooth root

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3
Q

Probe/Explorer

A

-Probe: Has no sharp sides, used to measure gingival sulcus depth
-Explorer: Has a sharp tip, used to detect calculus, explore cavities and exposed pulp chambers

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3
Q

Elevators

A

-Used to stretch and break the periodontal ligament

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4
Q

Periodontal elevators

A

-used to create a mucoperiosteal flap, that reveals the alveolar bone underneath

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4
Q

Mouth mirror

A

-Help in viewing the lingual/palatal surfaces of the teeth without changing the patient position

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5
Q

What are abrasion and attrition?

A

-Abrasion: Wear on teeth from external objects
-Attrition: Wear associated with tooth on tooth contact overtime

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5
Q

Gingival recession

A

the movement of the gingival margin away from the tooth, exposing the tooth root

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6
Q

Mobility scoring index

A

How much the tooth moves in the mouth

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6
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

abnormal growth/enlargement of the gum tissue

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7
Q

Furcation involvement index

A

When periodontal disease has progressed to exposure the alveolar crest and furcation; use a probe on the multi rooted teeth.

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8
Q

What is the Periodontal Probing Depth and Periodontal Attachment Loss?

A

-Periodontal probing depth measures the depth of the gingival sulcus, gingival recession oy hyperplasia, diameter of oral masses and any other oral structures.
-Periodontal attachment loss – the break down and detachment of the tissue that support teeth, including the gum tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

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9
Q

What are the steps to a professional dental cleaning?

A
  • Examine with patient
  • Full mouth radiographs
  • Supragingival and subgingival scaling
  • Polishing
  • Oral evaluation, charting and probing
  • Additional treatment
  • Dental sealant
  • Home care
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9
Q

What are PPE

A

– Cap/bonnet, mask, safety glasses/goggles, scrubs/lab coat, ear plugs and a dosimeter/lead shields for radiology

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9
Q

6 things I will need to perform a proper dental cleaning:

A
  • I’ll need the dental machine with ultrasonic scaler and water/air
  • Curettes
  • Morse scaler and sickle scaler
  • Polisher on the dental machine and prophy paste
  • Chlorhexidine rinse
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10
Q

What are 3 important patient safety considerations before undergoing a professional dental cleaning?

A

-Use the largest size ET tube
-Inflate the cuff
-Placing a rolled piece of gauze at the back of throat

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10
Q

Endodontics

A

Subspecialty of veterinary dentists. They deal with treatment inside the tooth (pulp and periapical tissues).

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11
Q

Exodontics

A

– Extraction of the teeth.

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12
Q

ALARA rule

A

– We must wear a dosimeter reader to record the amount of radiation exposure we accumulate over time.

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13
Q

What is the difference between Xray’s and radiographs?

A

A radiograph is the resulting image produced by x-ray imaging and xrays refer to the process of creating that image.

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14
Q
  1. Types of image receptors:
A
  • Film
  • Computed radiography receptor
  • Direct radiography sensor
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15
Q

Types of xray generators:

A
  • Handheld
  • Moveable
  • Wall mounted
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16
Q

Patient positions when taking dental radiographs:

A
  • Lateral
  • Sternal
  • Dorsal
  • Angled
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17
Q

What is radiographic technique?

A

-Angles
-Generator settings

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18
Important tips when taking radiographs:
- Do not need all of the crown - Focus on the roots - Distance – 4 inches from sensor to generator (or closer) - Be consistent
19
Bisecting angles
– Film flat and as close to the tooth as possible, with tooth on the edge. Used for all teeth except mandibular premolars ¾ and molars. Place the film inside the animal’s mouth, either flat so canine teeth are biting on film or on an angle so opposite edge is up against palate and pushed in as far as possible.
20
Parallel technique
– Line up the beam/generator, tooth and sensor/film. Used on caudal mandibular premolars and molars in dogs and cats. They can be in lateral or dorsal positioning.
21
Canine radiographs full mouth series-Maxilla
- Approximately 9 radiographs - Incisors - Canines - Premolars 05-07 - 4th premolar 08 and molars - All use bisecting angle technique
22
Canine radiographs full mouth series-Mandible
- 5-7 rads - Incisors and canines (bisecting angles) - Premolars 05/08 (bisecting and/or parallel technique) - Molars 09/11 parallel technique - Minimum 10 films but depends on size of patient and film size - Should take 15-30 minutes
23
Feline radiographs full mouth series- Maxilla
- Incisors - Canines - Premolars and molars - All bisecting angle
24
Feline radiographs full mouth series-Mandible
- Incisors and canines (typically fit on one image, bisecting technique) - Premolars and molars (parallel technique) - 8 views - Should take 10-20 minutes
25
Types of nerve blocks:
- Splash – Irrigating a wound or open incision with product. Provides topical anesthesia. - Local – Infiltration of an area with product. Injecting along the planned incision line. Can also be an injection int the periodontal ligament. - Regional – Ability to block an entire quadrant. Involves the delivery of product to specific nerves to block an entire region. Will cause transient loss of sensation and function. There is also possibility of post operative injury (rare). This is the most common technique used in the veterinary field.
26
- Infraorbital
– Blocks incisor, canines and first three premolars. Retract the lip dorsally and palpate the infraorbital foramen just dorsal to the distal root of the maxillary 3rd premolar. Insert a needle into the infraorbital foramen. Can be palpated through the oral mucosa.
27
- Maxillary
– Blocks the entire maxillary quadrant. Needle bent approximately 1 cm from the tip. Most caudal aspect of the hard palate just caudal to maxillary second molar (dog), or maxillary first molar (cats). Avoid poking too far (could poke the eye). Follow the bend in the needle.
28
- Middle mental
– Prevents sensation of the rostral aspect of the mandible (canines and incisors). Not reliable for complete dispensation of teeth. This is not easily felt in cats and small dogs. Palpate the rostral mandibular injection site just distal to the frenulum in the cat.
29
- Inferior alveolar
– Teeth, soft tissue and bone of the mandible on the side it was injected. Palpate the notch caudal mandible of a dog.
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INTRAORAL
– palpate on the medial surface of the caudal mandible. Caudal and ventral to the mandibular third molar (dog). Caudal and ventral the mandibular first molar (cat).
31
EXTRAORAL
– Causes potential for self-trauma of tongue is anesthetized (prevent by keeping bevel of the needle pointed toward the mandible). Notch just dorsal the angle of the mandible and ventral to the condylar process OR line drawn from lateral canthus of the eye directly to the ventral mandible.
32
Regional blocks
Advantages: - Ability to block an entire quadrant Disadvantages: - Transient loss of sensation and function - Possibility of post operative self-inflicted injury (rare)
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Most common nerve block
-regional
34
Supplies needed for a nerve block:
- Bupivicaine - Syringe (1ml or 3ml) - Needles (22-27 g) - Syringe/needle size/length dependent on patient size and site
35
General technique for dental nerve blocks:
- Identify the site - Needle advanced slowly to the desired location (bevel toward tooth) - Aspirate - Inject slowly - Digital pressure used over the site after the needle is removed to encourage caudal diffusion and decrease hematoma formation - New needle each site - New needle and syringe if blood aspirated
36
Maxillary nerve block blocks the:
entire maxillary quadrant.
36
The infraorbital blocks the:
incisor, canines and first three premolars (rostrally maxillary arcade).
36
The infraorbital can be located to block by palpating the:
infraorbital foramen
37
Middle mental block blocks the:
sensation of the rostral aspect of the mandible (canine and incisors). This block is not predictable.
38
Inferior alveolar nerve block:
desensitizes the teeth, gums and surrounding soft tissues in the lower jaw (mandible) on the same side as the block is administered.
39
Tips for taking radiographs:
- Do not need the crown - Focus on the roots - 4 inches from sensor to generator - Be consistent
40
2 types of homecare:
-Active -passive
41
Active homecare
- Seen as most effective means - Owners need to participate more, which can be difficult - Brushing or rinsing
42
Passive homecare:
- Based on chewing behaviors - Examples include dental treats/ dental diets - More effective on caudal teeth where chewing occurs
43
Key points of preventative dentistry:
- Daily home care is recommended since plaque accumulates 24 hours - Without homecare, the efficacy of professional dental therapy is severely limited - Tooth brushing is gold standard and is most effective on rostral teeth
44
An example of passive homecare:
dental treats or specially formulated diets.
45
57. Veterinary oral health council (VOHC):
is a non-regulatory agency. The council includes representatives from professional dental colleges and allied veterinary groups. They do not test products themselves; they establish protocols and standards and review the research.
46
The risks associated with antlers, cow hooves, hard nylon bones or marrow bones include:
- Fractured teeth - Foreign bodies - GI upset - Wrapped around jaw - Stuck between teeth
46
Open extractions
– heals by second intention
47
Closed extractions
– suture the hole closed
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Dentistry (3 decks)

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