Test 2 Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Integumentary
A
the skin and its accessory structures
2
Q
cutaneous membrane
A
also called Skin; composed of several tissue types
3
Q
2 layers of skin
A
epidermis and dermis
4
Q
Epidermis
A
avascular; outer layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
5
Q
structure between epidermis and dermis
A
Basement membrane
6
Q
Dermis
A
- inner layer; consist of two layers: papillary layer and reticular layer
7
Q
reticular
A
dense irregular connective tissue, deepest layer of dermis and skin
8
Q
papillary layer
A
(areolar connective tissue, location of dermis papillae)
9
Q
hypodermis
A
Subcutaneous layer, made of areolar and adipose
10
Q
Keratinocytes- cell that makes keratin
A
all humans have the same number
11
Q
Keratinization
A
process of keratin being produced by keratinocytes and then the cells with keratin migrate upward toward the surface
12
Q
Keratin
A
protein that prevents water loss and protects other organisms from coming in
13
Q
Stratum basale
A
Deepest layer of epidermis
14
Q
Stratum corneum
A
most superficial layer
15
Q
Stratum lucidum
A
found in thick skin only
16
Q
Which part of body has five layers of skin?
A
palmer, plantar
17
Q
How many layers of skin are found on the rest of your body?
A
four
18
Q
Tactile(merkel) cells
A
used to detect light touch
19
Q
Melanocytes
A
produce a pigment melanin; side effect no vitamin d
20
Q
What controls how much melanin is produced?
A
Genes
21
Q
Carotene
A
yellow to orange; depend on food
22
Q
Hemoglobin
A
pinkish hue; blood protein
23
Q
Albino
A
lack melanin; white
24
Q
Cyanosis
A
bluish appearance; lack oxygen
25
Skin cancer
most common form of cancer
26
Basal cell carcinoma
most common and least dangerous; starts in stratum basale
27
Squamous cell carcinoma
may travel; starts in stratum spinosum
28
Malignant melanoma
most deadly; starts from melanocytes usually in a mole
29
Fingerprints
formed by epidermal ridges
30
Hair root
below the skin
31
Hair shaft
above the skin
32
Arrector pili muscle
- contracts and allows hair follicles to stand on end; causes goosebumps
33
Sebaceous gland
produces sebum(oil that you find on the surface of your skin)
34
Sweat(sudoriferous) glands
originate in hypodermis as ball shaped coils
35
eccrine(merocrine) glands
produces the sweat that reduces body temperature
36
apocrine
sweat that has no odor and contains pheromones; armpit and nipple regions
37
Modified apocrine
mammary gland- modified to produce milk
38
ceruminous gland
produces cerumen(earwax)
39
Functions of skin
protective barrier, sensation, excretion, production of vitamin d, regulation of body temperature
40
What happens when body temp rises?
sweat glands are activated
41
What happens when body temp falls?
sweat glands are inactive; muscles contract involuntarily(shivering)
42
Hyperthermia
high body temperature
43
Hypothermia
low body temperature
44
Inflammation
suffix idis; response to injury or stress
45
Shallow cut
superficial cut; only epidermis
46
Deep cut
dermis or subcutaneous layer cut
47
burn
tissue damage caused by heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals
48
Immediate threat
dehydration and electrolytes
49
Rule of nines
determine how much is burned in multiples of 9%
50
First degree
superficial burn; redness, sunburn, inflammation
51
Second degree
deep burn, destroys epidermis and some dermis; blister
52
Third degree burn
destroys epidermis and dermis; often requires skin graft
53
Axial and Appendicular bones
Divided by shape and sizes
54
Another name for bone
Osseous tissue
55
What do bones go through?
a remodeling
56
Diaphysis
shaft
57
what is the cavity of diaphysis?
medullary
58
Epiphysis
end of the long bone
59
Metaphysis
Contains the Epiphyseal (growth) plate
Links Diaphysis and epiphysis
60
What is dertemined when the epiphyseal plate is a line?
you have stopped growing
61
Articular Cartilage
End of the bone
62
Another name for Hyaline Cartilage
Grisselle
63
Endosteum
Internal lining of bone
64
Periosteum
External Surface; dense irregular connective tissue
65
Compact Bone
dense and solid
66
the Structural and Functional Unit of compact bone
osteon
67
Spongy Bone
trabecular and cancellous
68
The functional unit of spongy bone
trabecular
69
Another name for bones
osseous tissues
70
Two major division of bone
axial and appendicular
71
Axial
Central point where everything else attached
72
Appendicular
Structure that attaches the limbs to the axial skeletal system
73
Dense and solid
Forms that walls of bone
74
Open network of plates
75
Carries vessels and nerves in center of osteon
Central canal
76
Housed in lacunae between lamellae
Osteocytes
77
Tiny passageways to bring nutrients closer to the cells
Canaliculi
78
Where does osteocytes live
Lacunae
79
perforating canal
central canal to other central canals
80
Hemato
blood
81
Hematopoiesis
to generate blood cells (blood cell formation)
82
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produces here
bone marrow
83
What is the process called when Cartilage becomes bone?
ossification
84
Osteoblasts
makes bones
85
Osteocyte
maintain bone
86
Osteoclasts
destroy/ remodel bones
87
Middle ear
usually consist of three; smallest bone in your body
88
Hyoid bone
stands on its own; Attaches to your tongue
89
Skull
dense
90
sinuses
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid
91
Coronal Suture
frontal and parietal structure
92
Lambdoid Suture
Occipital and Parietal Bone
93
Sagittal Suture
Between Parietal Bones
94
Squamous Suture
Temporal and Parietal Bone
95
Foramen Magnum
Large, Opening where your spinal cord goes through
96
Occipital Condyles
How the bones in the neck connect to your bone; found in the posterior of the skull
97
Parietal Bone
Roof of the Cranium
98
Temporal Bone
Squamous Suture
External Acoustic Meatus
Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Zygomatic Arch
99
External Acoustic Meatus
Leads into your ear canal
100
Zygomatic Arch
Arch on the mandible
101
Ethmoid Bone
consist of the cribriform and the perpendicular plate, crista galli
102
Cribriform Plate
Allows smell neurons
103
Perpendicular Plate
The bone in the nasal septum
104
Crista Galli
Sail on a ship
105
Palatine Bone
106
Zygomatic Bone
cheek bone
107
Lacrimal Bone
Last Bone before you leave the orbit or eyes
Before the Ethmoid Bone
108
Vomer Bone
Inferior portion of the nasal septum
109
nasal bone
Form the bridge of the nose
110
Mandible
Lower Jawbone
111
Mandibular Condyle
head of mandible
112
Maxilla
upper jawbone
113
Fontanels
Allows the skull to change during birth
114
Anterior Fontanelle
soft spot for babies skull
115
Vertebral Column
7 Cervical vertebrae
⁃ C1- Cervical 1 or Atlas-Supports the occipital condyles; It allows you to say yes
⁃ C2- Cervical 2 or Axis; Allows you to say no
⁃. Kypho- Hunchback
⁃ Scoliosis- lateral curvature of the spine
⁃ Lordosis- swayback meaning the spine is sway
⁃ Intervertebral discs;between each vertebrae
⁃ Also has Fibrous cartilage
⁃ 12 thoracic
⁃ True Rib: 7 pairs Connected to the sternum directly
⁃ False Rib: 5 pairs Connect indirectly or not at all
⁃ 2 pairs are not connected at all(floating ribs)
⁃ Is found connecting all the ribs
⁃ Sternum(breastbone)
⁃ Manubrium (superior)
⁃ Body( middle & largest part)
⁃ Xiphoid Process (inferior)
⁃ 5 lumbar vertebrae
⁃ 5 fused sacral
⁃ 3-4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
116
Pectoral Girdle
Attaches your limbs to your axial Skeleton
Scapula(Anterior)
Acromion Process or Acromion
Stablize the scapula
Coracoid Process
Glenoid Cavity
Where it fits in the socket
Lateral(Axillary) Border
Near armpit
Medial(Vertebral) Border
Near your Vertebra
Scapula(Posterior View)
Spine
Shoulder blades
Clavicle
Sternal End
Attaches to sternal part of your body
Appears round
Acromial End
Appears flatter
Attaches to the acromion process
117
Humerus-
118
Greater and Lesser Tubercle
Only see the lesser tubercle in a anterior view of the humerus
119
Where does your deltoid muscle connects?
Deltoid Tuberosity
120
Capitulum (lateral condyle)
First wheel
121
Trochlea( medial condyle)
The other 2 wheels
122
Olecranon Fossa
On the posterior side of the bone
123
Radius (Lateral forearm bone)
styloid process
head
124
Ulna (Medial forearm bone)
head
styloid process
125
How many Carpal (wrist) bones do you have in each hand?
8
126
How many metacarpal bones do you have in each hand?
5
127
How many phalanges bones do you have in each hand?
14
128
pubis
anterior/ front position
129
pelvis
Pelvic Girdle+Sacrum+Coccyx
130
Ischium
L-shaped, lowest part
131
Acetabulum
Head of the femur
132
Obturator foramen
hole in the hip
133
Lower Limb Bones
femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
134
Femur(thigh)
⁃ Lesser Trochanter
⁃ Greater trochanter
- head
135
Patella
(Kneecap)
136
Tibia
shin bone
137
Fibula
lateral
138
Foot: (each)
Calcaneal Tuberosity
Calcaneus( Heel Bone)
Tarsals:7
Metatarsals:5
Phalanges:14
139
papillary layer
areolar connective tissue, location of dermis papillae
