Test 2 Flashcards
0
Q
What stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
A
Neurotransmitters
1
Q
What is the sympathetic nervous system
A
Fight or flight
2
Q
What are the Neurotransmitters
A
Catecholamines
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
3
Q
What halts the sympathetic nervous system
A
Enzymes re uptake pump liver metabolism
4
Q
What are the two enzymes that halt the sympathetic nervous system ?
A
MAO
COMT
5
Q
What are the receptors that stimulate sympathetic nervous system
A
Alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2
6
Q
What does the alpha 1 do
A
Primarily smooth muscle contraction vasoconstriction
decrease motility of GI tract
7
Q
What does the beta 1 do
A
Increase cardiac output
8
Q
What does beta 2 do
A
Relax smooth muscles
Dilate arteries
9
Q
What are the adrenergic agents (agonists)
A
Alpha 1 beta 1 beta 2
10
Q
What does adrenergic mean
A
Working in sympathetic nervous system
11
Q
What is the indication of alpha 1
A
Hypotension
Nasal congestion
12
Q
What is the indication for beta 1
A
Cardiac arrest
Heart failure
Shock
13
Q
What is the indication for beta 2
A
Asthma
Premature labor
14
Q
What are the contradictions of the adrenergic agents
A
Known allergy and hypertension
15
Q
What are the side effects of adrenergic agents
A
HA, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria, vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, palpations, dysthymias
16
Q
What are the interactions of adrenergic agents
A
Adrenergic blocking agents
Anesthetics
TCA
depression
17
Q
What do the adrenergic blocking agents do
A
Block receptors to stop adgernergic response
18
Q
What are indications of alpha 1 blockers
A
Hypertension
BPH
19
Q
What are indications of beta blockers
A
Angina Hypertension Dysthymias Migraines Glaucoma
20
Q
What are the contradictions of alpha blockers
A
Drug allergy, peripheral vascular disease, CAD, renal or liver diseass
21
Q
What are contradictions of beta blockers
A
Drug allergy heart failure heart block, bradycardia, severe pulmonary disease
22
Q
What are the side effects of alpha blockers
A
Based on effects on vasculature
23
Q
What are the side effects of beta blockers
A
May mask hypoglycemia
Angina or MI if withdrawn suddenly
24
What are interactions of adrenergic blocking agents
Agonists CV drugs
| Anti-cholinergic
25
What is the parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
26
What stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine (Ach)
27
What halts the parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinesterase
28
What are the receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system
Nictonic
| Muscarinic
29
What are the cholinergic agents
Direct acting and indirect
30
What is indierect acting
Increase available Ach by inhibiting cholinesterase
31
What is direct acting
Act on receptors straight to receptors
32
What is the action of cholinergic agents
SLUDGE .. Salvation lacatmation urinary incotinence diarrhea gi cramps emesis
33
What are the indications of cholinergic agents
Reduce infra ocular pressure treat GI and bladder disorders treat alhemerizers
34
What are the contradictions of the cholinergic agents
Allergy, GI or GU obstruction, bradycardia, COPD, hypotension
35
What are the side effects of cholinergic agents
Overstimulation of the PSNS
36
What are the interactions of the cholinergic agents
Anticholinergics antihistamines and sympathimimetics
37
What do the Anticholinergic agent do
```
(Opposite of cholinergic)
Pupils dilate
Decrease GI motility increase HR
decrease bladder concentration
Reducing sweating
```
38
What are the indications of the anti cholinergic agents
Decreasing muscle rigidity and diminish tremors
Bradycardia
Chronic bronchitis
Irritable bowl disease
39
What are the contradictions of the anti cholinergic agents
Allergy, narrow angle glaucoma, acute asthma, GI GU obstruction
40
What are the side effects of the anti cholinergic agents
Increased HR, CNS excitation, restlessness, increased IOP, dry mouth, constipation, DRYING !!!
41
What are the interactions anti cholinergic agents
Antihistamines, phenothiazines, TCA, MAOI
42
What else are the adrenergic agents called
Sympathimimetics
43
What another name for adrenergic agents
Sympatholytics
44
Another name for cholenergic agent
Parasympathomimetics
45
What another name for anti cholenergic agents
Parasympatholytics
46
What is pain
Subjective whatever patient tells you
47
What is pain threshold
Psychical element
48
What is pain tolerance
Pyshological element
49
Chronic pain
Long term ... Example joint back pain
50
Acute pain
Short term ... Appendicitis
51
What is adjuvant therapy
Assist primary agents in relieving pain
52
What is drug tolerance
Pattern of compulsive drug you needs drug all the time would have withdraw symptoms
53
What is a placebo
New med being tested
54
What are withdraw symptoms
Rebound pain, tachycardia, high BP,
55
What are symptoms of opioid withdraw
Amenity, irritability, chills, hot flashes, joint pain, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
56
Another name for opioid
Narcotics
57
What is the action of an opioid
Acheive beneficial effects by their action of the CNS
58
What are the indications of opioids
Alleviate severe to moderate pain
| Cough suppressant
59
What are condridictions of opioids
Allergy
Asthma
Respiratory insuffancy
Pregnancy
60
What are side effects of opioids
Euphoria, dizzy, lightheaded, sedation constipation, hypotension, constipation, respiratory depression
61
What are the interactions of opioids
Alcohol or any CNS depressant
62
What are the opioid drugs ?
```
Morphine
Dilaudid
Demerol
Codenine
OxyContin
Ultram(tramadol)
```
63
What are the combination drugs
Percocet
| Vicodin
64
What is Percocet made of
Oxycoden and Tylenol
65
What is Vicodin made of
Hydrocodene and Tylenol
66
What is a good patient teaching the combo opioids
Do not take additional over the counter Tylenol
67
What does a partial opioid agonist do
Block mu receptors
No euphoria
Still potent
68
What is an example of a opioid partial agonist
Nubian
69
What is an example of an opioid antagonist
Narcan
70
What is the function of an opioid antagonist
Block opioid receptors
71
What is narcan used for
Give to people who are unconsciousness
72
How Many times can you give narcan
Till opioid is out of system .. Drug has short half life
73
When you are opioid dependent what's a good drug to give
Methadone and suboxone
74
What does methadone do
Prevents withdraw symptoms .. Still a opioid
75
What is a none opioid analgesic
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
76
Tylenol is a
Analgesic antipyretic but not anti inflammatory
77
What are the indications of Tylenol
Fever
| Mild to moderate pain
78
What happens with Tylenol overdose
Hepatic necrosis ... Lethal overdose
79
What is the antidote for Tylenol
Acetylcysteine ( mucomyst)
80
Describe mucomyst
Oral liquid smells like rotten eggs
81
What are the two types of anti inflammatory agents
Steroids
| NSAIDS
82
What are indications of steroids
Bronchial, allergic or joint inflammation
83
Why are steroids not used much
Lots of side effects
84
What do NSAIDS posses
Analgesic, anti inflammatory, anti rheumatic, antipyretic
85
What is the most widely used NSAID
Aspirin
86
What do NSAIDS effect
Kidney
87
What is the action of NSAIDS
Contributs to symptoms of pain inflammation fever
88
What are the indications of NSAIDS
```
Pain
Gout
Inflammation
Fever
Arthritis
```
89
What are the contradictions of NSAIDS
Allergy
Not third trimester
Bleeding disorders
90
What are the side effects of NSAIDS
GI distress
| Renal failure
91
What are the interactions of NSAIDS
Alcohol
Steroids
Hypotension agents
Diuretics
92
Toxicity of NSAIDS can cause
Tinnitus
| Metabolic acidosis
93
What is used to treat toxicity of NSAIDS
Activated charcoal
94
What are examples of NSAIDS
Salicylates
Ibeuptofen
Cox2 inhibitors
95
What is an example of Salicylates
Aspirin
96
What an example of a cox2 inhibitor
Celebrex
97
What are other NSAIDS
```
Motrin
Ibeuprofen
Napoprosyn
Indocin
Toradol
```
98
What's the agent to treat migraines
Triptans
99
What are side effects for Triptans
Dizziness drowsiness
100
What is the indicationof antinuerolgics
Nerve pain
Neuropathy
Fibromyalgia
101
What are the side effects of antinuerolgics
Dizziness ataxia fatigue edema
102
What are examples of antinuerolgics
Neurontin(gabapentin)
| Lyrica ( pregabapentin)
103
What is an herb for pain
Feverfew
104
What is a muscle spasm
Involuntary contraction of muscles
105
What are pharmacological agents to help muscle
Analgesics
Anti inflammaotries
Muscle relaxants
106
What is the action of a muscle relaxant
Muscle relaxation
| Inhibit motor neurons within brain
107
What are the indications of muscle relaxants
Muscle spasms, Parkinson's, MS, cerebral palsy
108
What are condridictions of muscle relaxants
Renal impairment
109
What are side effects of muscle relaxants
Euphoria, lightheaded dizzy drowsy muscle weakness
110
What are interactions of muscle relaxants
Other CNS depressants
111
What are examples of central acting muscle relaxants
Flexerill
Robaxin
Nor flex
112
What are examples of direct acting muscle relaxants
Dantrium
| Botox
113
What is osteoporosis
Not enough calcium
114
What class of drugs treat osteoporosis
Biphosphonates
115
What is the indication of biphosphonates
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
116
What is the main action of biphosphonates
Inhibits osteoclasts activity
117
What are the side effects of biphosphonates
Nausea dyspepsia jaw pain
118
What are some contradictions of biphosphonates
Dysphagia, esophagitis
119
When do you take biphosphonates
Morning with 6-8 oz water do not lay down for 30-60 min
120
What are examples of biphosphonates
Fosamax
Boniva
Actonel
121
What's a second line drug to treat osteoporosis
Evista
122
What is SED rate
Shows infection and inflammation
123
What is the action of disease modifying drugs
Decreasing immune system response
124
What is a disease modifying drug
Neoral
125
What is biological drug
Humira
126
What is gout
Accumulation of uric acid crystals
127
Where is gout mostly found
Big toe and elbows
128
What is indocin used for
Treat gout
129
What is zyloprim used for
Uric acid inhibitor
130
What herbs are used for miso skeletal
Glucosamine capsicum chondroitin
