Test 2

Question 1

Provenience

Answer 1

3D location of artifacts at a Archaeological site

Question 2

Types of Provenience

Answer 2

General/ Bulk, Point, Feature

Question 3

General/Bulk Provenience

Answer 3

Approximate location of artifacts at a site

Question 4

Point Provenience

Answer 4

Exact 3D location of a artifact at a site

Question 5

Feature

Answer 5

Group of artifacts that are kept together in the same provenience because they have assumed behavioral importance

Question 6

Master Lot List

Answer 6

List of all proveniences at a Archaeological site

Question 7

In situ

Answer 7

Exact 3D location of the artifact in the A.C.

Question 8

Vertical Provenience

Answer 8

The process of excavation is removing sediments (non-cultural) from artifacts

Question 9

Goal of Excavation

Answer 9

To interpret and isolate floors and occupational surfaces

Question 10

Stratification

Answer 10

Layering and superposition of natural sediments at a archaeological site

Question 11

Stratigraphy

Answer 11

Layering and superposition of cultural materials at a archaeological site

Question 12

System of Excavation

Answer 12

Utilizes zones and levels

Question 13

Zones

Answer 13

any distinct stratum that can be physically identified (cultural or natural)

Question 14

Characteristics of a Floor

Answer 14

Flat, Level (horizontal), Hard (compact), Artifacts on top (level plane)

Question 15

Control Test Pit

Answer 15

Outside of site; Purpose- determines stratification of the site area

Question 16

Zone

Answer 16

Any discernible layer

Question 17

Level

Answer 17

Arbitrary layer within a zone

Question 18

Benchmark

Answer 18

Vertical elevation; not going to move or change

Question 19

Profile

Answer 19

Drawing of the wall of the excavation unit

Question 20

How deep do you dig?

Answer 20

Until you hit bedrock, until you hit water, or culturally sterile geological sediment

Question 21

Types of Deposit

Answer 21

Burial, features, in situ, rubble, floor, midden, and fill

Question 22

Features

Answer 22

distinctive deposit kept separate from other deposit

Question 23

in situ

Answer 23

Soil immediately over the floor

Question 24

rubble

Answer 24

collapsed architecture. walls, roofs, etc.

Question 25

floor

Answer 25

artifacts lie flat

Question 26

fill

Answer 26

cultural sediments brought into a site; artifacts at odd angles; non-local origin

Question 27

Harris matrix

Answer 27

Chart that shows the stratigraphic relationships or strata (zones) at a archaeological site

Question 28

Flotation

Answer 28

what floats on top is carbonized vexation; seeds and charcoal; carbonized insects

Question 29

Heavy fraction flotation

Answer 29

Taking pantyhose to get the floating objects

Question 30

Heavy fraction

Answer 30

things at the bottom; screen through with 1mm best

Question 31

Archaeological dating technique types

Answer 31

Relative, Chronometric, and Absolute

Question 32

Relative

Answer 32

Something is older than something else but you don't know by how much time between the episodes

Question 33

Chronometric

Answer 33

measure time but our measurement is only statistical approximation

Question 34

Absolute

Answer 34

You have a actual precise accurate date and time

Question 35

Types of Relative

Answer 35

Stratigraphic dating, Seriation, Cross dating, Age Area hypothesis

Question 36

Stratigraphic dating

Answer 36

based on "law os super positioning"; Problem: Reverse stratigraphy; burials too

Question 37

Seriation

Answer 37

gradually increase in popularity in artifact style; then a gradually decrease in that style when a new style is introduced. "Battleship curves": popularity curves like a diamond; Problem: you can't tell which style is first

Question 38

Cross-dating

Answer 38

Artifacts of known age or date from one area are found in another area of unknown age; Problem: conservatory process; keep artifacts in systemic context longer than usual

Question 39

Age area hypothesis

Answer 39

Artifacts are invented only once and then spread from the center of origin; the farther you are from the center, the more recent in time; the worst type!

Question 40

Types of Chronometric dating techniques

Answer 40

Radiocarbon dating, Obsidian hydration, Archaeomagnetism

Question 41

Radiocarbon dating

Answer 41

14 Carbon; N14 > C14 (protons)> N14 (beta particle); Every 5730 years more or less; Half of carbon left, half disappears; dating death of death of a organism; After 50,000 no more C14> N; Indirect method: burn it to see how many carbons are left based on decay events

Question 42

Assumptions for Radiocarbon dating

Answer 42

1. No difference in rations of 14C/12C in atmosphere at any given time; 2. No difference in decay rate; 3. No difference in the C14-C12 ration in atmosphere through time > False> 1973 confirmed and fixed; 4. No difference in C14/ C12 in aquatics versus aerobic environments> False; 5. Carbon is contemporary

Question 43

AMS

Answer 43

Spins the carbon around that separates C14 and C12; direct measurement of C14 and C12

Question 44

Obsidian Hydration

Answer 44

glass absorbs moisture at a given rate

Question 45

Factors the determine rate of absorption

Answer 45

1. Mineral composition; 2. Heat- the heater, the faster; 3.pressure- more pressure, faster the rate; 4. Acid/ Base in soil (pH): higher/ lower the pH the faster the erosion; atmosphere moisture (humidity) does not affect the rate

Question 46

Archeomagnetism

Answer 46

Magnetic north changes over time

Question 47

Types of Absolute dating

Answer 47

Calendar, Dendrochronology

Question 48

Dendrochronology

Answer 48

Tree ring dating; Master sequence for each species and valley; problem: reclamation (process by which artifacts are taken from A.C. back into the S.C.