Test 2 Flashcards by mekia young

Prognathia

Excessively large mandible

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Micrognathia

Excessively small mandible

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Describe PREmaxilla

soft palate; formed between 4 to 6 weeks of life; forms small triangle to include central and lateral incisors; embryologically different

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Bones of the cranium

Ethmoid Bone, Frontal Bone, Sphenoid Bone, Temporal Bone, Parietal Bone, Occipital Bone

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Sinus Cavities (2)

Frontal Sinus and Maxillary Sinus

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Surface landmarks of the nose

Tip, nares, root, bridge, dorsum, columella

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Surface landmarks of the lips

Cupids bow, vermillion zone, philtrum

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List transverse muscles of the face

Buccinator, risorius

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List angular muscles of the face

Levator labii superior, levator labii superior alaeque nasi, zygomatic major, zygomatic minor, depressor labii inferior

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List the vertical muscles of the face

Mentalis, Depressor anguli oris, Levator anguli oris

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Difference between permanent and deciduous dentition

Deciduous- Primary teeth; smaller; consist of 20 teeth, 5 teeth in each quadrant, are replaced by permanent teeth Permanent teeth consist of 32 teeth, 8 in each quadrant included superadded which have no deciduous predessors

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Describe four types of bites

Open bite (teeth do not meet during bite- vertical)
Overbite (excessive overlap during bite-vertical)
Overjet (maxillary incisors are anterior to mandibular incisors- horizontal)
Underjet (mandibular incisors are anterior to maxillary incisors-horizontal)

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Mesioversion, Distoversion, Linguaversion

bite is toward midline, bite is tilted outward, bite is tilting toward tongue

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Identify surface anatomy of the tongue

Longitudinal Medial Sulcus (Line front to back in middle)
Sulcus Terminalis (v-shaped, separated front 2/3 and back 1/3 of tongue)
Papillae (small projections which covers entire 2/3 dorsum of tongue, give tongue its roughness,
Lingual Frenum (connects the bottom of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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List intrinsic muscles of tongue and their function

Superior Longitudinal (shortens tongue and brings tip upward)
Inferior Longitudinal (shortens tongue and brings tip downward)
Transverse (narrows and elongates tongue)
Vertical (flattens tongue)

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List extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their function

Genioglossus (draws tongue down)
Sylyoglossus (draws tongue up and back)
Palatoglossus (elevates back of tongue)
Hyoglossus (retracts and depresses tongue)

List the mandibular depressors

Digastricus
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Lateral pterygoid

List the mandibular elevators

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid

Muscles of soft palate (velum) and their functions

Palatoglossus (rapid depression of velum)
Palatophryngeus (lateral wall movement; depresses velum)
Levator Leli Palatini (elevates velum up and back)
Musculus uvulae (provides bulk the velum)
Tensor Veli Palatini (tenses velum; opens auditory tube)

Four types of tonsils that make up Waldeyer’s ring?

Palatine tonsils, Adenoids, Lingual tonsils, Tubal

How can removal of tonsilar tissue impact speech

Can create hypernasal speech

Muscles of the pharynx

Superior, Middle, and Inferior constrictors, salpingopharyngus, and palatopharyngus

What is source-filter theory

explains how speech sounds resonate in the vocal tract

Intraoral pressure and subglottal pressures for vowels

0 cmH2O and 7cmH2O

Name 3 types of embryological tissue

Ectoderm (outer most tissue) hair, nails, teeth, skin Mesoderm (intermediate layer of tissue) bones muscles blood vessels cartilage Endoderm (deepest layer of tissue) epithelial lining of respiratory and digestive tract

Structures that develop out of the 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch)

Maxillary prominence and Mandibular prominence

What develops from the maxillary prominence

Maxilla, Zygomatic bone, and part of the Temporal bone

What develops from the mandibular prominence

Lower lip, mandible, anterior tongue, Malleus and Incus of middle ear Muscles of Matsication (chewing)

What develops from the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch

Lessor cornu of the hyoid bone and the superior part of the hyoid bone Stapes of the middle ear and stapedius muscle Stylohyoid muscle and stylohyoid process of the temporal bone Muscles of facial expression

What develops in the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch

Greater cornu and inferior part of the body of the hyoid bone Pharyngeal port of the tongue Stylopharyngeus

Describe the embryological development of the primary palate

Occurs between the 4th and 6th week | Medial nasal, lateral nasal, and maxillary process fuse together to form the primary palate

Describe the embryological development of the secondary palate

Occurs between the 8th and 12th week Significant increase in vertical growth of mandible/head Corresponding increase in height of oral cavity oral/nasal cavity do not separate posterior growth of nasal septum