Test 2

Question 0

Pentose 5 phosphate is the only source of what?

Answer 0

NADPH

Question 1

Pentos 5 phosphate pathway

1.Location, 2.role, 3.hormone state, and 4.condition

Answer 1

1. Cytosol in the adipose and liver
2. Glucose 6 phosphate
3. Pentose 5 phosphate and NADPh
4. G6P dehydrogenase

Question 2

Lipoprotein lipase

1, 2, 4

Answer 2

1. Endothelium
2. Tag breakdown from CM and VLDL. Recognizes apo c2
3. After meals

Question 3

Fatty acyl-Coa synthetase (thiokinase)

1, 2, 4

Answer 3

1. Intracellular
2. Activation of fatty acid to make fatty acid CoA
3. After meals

Question 4

Carnitine acyl trasferase
1, 2
(Cpt 1 & 2)

Answer 4

1. Cytoplasm/matrix

2. Transport fatty acids into matrix using a translocase

Question 5

CAT1 is inhibited by what?

Answer 5

Malonyl CoA

Question 6

Beta oxidation

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 6

1. Matrix of liver and muscle
2. Fatty acid oxidation
3. High glucagon, low insulin
4. Hungry

Question 7

Beta oxidation uses what main enzyme?

Answer 7

Fatty acly CoA dehydrogenase

Question 8

What does beta oxidation produce?

Answer 8

Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2

Question 9

Major enzyme in ketogenisis

Answer 9

HMG CoA lyase

Question 10

Ketogenisis

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 10

1. Liver matrix
2. Substitute energy supply. Makes acetoacetate, hydroxybuterate, and acetone
3. Glucagon
4. Hungry (fasted)

Question 11

What is the main enzyme in odd number carbon fatty acid oxidation?

Answer 11

Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

Question 12

Odd number carbon fatty oxidation converts propionyl CoA to what? And what does it require?

Answer 12

Converts it to cuccinyl CoA

Requires vitamin B12

Question 13

Acytl CoA carboxylase is the limiting enzyme in what reaction?

Answer 13

Fatty acid synthesis (malonyl CoA)

Question 14

Acytl CoA is inhibited by what? And stimulated by what?

Answer 14

Inhibited by fatty acid

Stimulated by citrate

Question 15

Fatty acid synthase uses what two molecules to create palmitate?

Answer 15

Malonyl CoA and acytl CoA

Question 16

When in hormone sensitive lipase active?

Answer 16

When phosphoralated

Question 17

Hormone sensitive lipase

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 17

1. Cytosol and adipose
2. Breaks down tags to fatty acids and glycerol
3. Low insulin and high epinepherine
4. Fasted

Question 18

What is the major enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 18

HMG CoA reductase

Question 19

Pathway of cholesterol synthesis

Answer 19

Mevalonate ➡️ isoprenoids ➡️ geranyl pyrophosphate ➡️ farnesyl pyrophosphate ➡️ squalene

Question 20

Amino transferase ALT

Answer 20

Takes amino group from alanine and gives it to alpha KG to make glutamate. (Pyridoxal phosphate coenzyme)

Question 21

Aminotransferase AST

Answer 21

Takes an amino acid from glutamate and gives it to oxaloacetate to make aspertate.

Question 22

Glutamate transferase

Answer 22

Breaks down glutamate to ammonia and @-ketoglutamate

- ammonia goes to urea cycle via carbamoyl phosphate

Question 23

Cpt I makes what

Answer 23

2 molecules of ATP and ammonia. (Carbomoyl)

Requires n-acetyl glutamate

Question 24

What is deficient in the disease PKU

Answer 24

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 25

Dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 25

Reduces folate to tetrahydrafolate

Question 26

Methionine synthase

Answer 26

Homocysteine to methionine ( requires Vit. B12)

Question 27

Homocysteine

Answer 27

Leads to methionine or cysteine.

Question 28

Rate limiting step in de novo purine synthesis

Answer 28

PRPP To phosphoribosylamine ( PRPP aminostanferase)

Question 29

Rate limiting factor in pyrimidine De novo synthesis

Answer 29

Ammonia from glutamine

Question 30

What leads to lesch nyan syndrome

Answer 30

Deficiency in purine salvage pathway (recycling of hypoxanthine and guanosine)

Question 31

Xanthine oxidase

Answer 31

Converts hypoxanthine to Xanthine to uric acid.( target of allopurinol)

Question 32

Adenosine deaminase

Answer 32

Breaks down adinosine | - deficiency leads to SCID

Question 33

Dala synthetase

Answer 33

Rate limiting step in heme synthesis

Question 34

Chylmicron

Answer 34

- rich in TAGS | - protein marker c-II and E

Question 35

VLDL

Answer 35

Protein marker C-II, synthetic fats

Question 36

LDL

Answer 36

Rich in cholesterol | Protein marker B-100