Test 2

Question 0

What are the 2 types of plates and their characteristics

Answer 0

oceanic- basaltic, younger, more dense. continnental- granite, older, thicker.

Question 1

The supercontinent formed 200 million years ago

Answer 1

PANGEA

Question 2

The difference between S and P waves

Answer 2

S- only travels through solids. P- travels through all materials, is faster.

Question 3

General properties of the lithosphere?

Answer 3

crust
upper mantel
(strong, brittle, cool)

Question 4

What 2 forces are involved when plate tectonics move past each other?

Answer 4

• friction

- shear stress

Question 5

2 types of faults

Answer 5

• Thrust Fault (creates mountains)

- Transform Fault (causes earthquakes)

Question 6

4 proofs of continental drift?

Answer 6

• the fit of the continents
• fossils on different cont.
• match of rock type
• paleoclimate (ground rock from glaciers)

Question 7

3 places where volcanoes occur

Answer 7

• Hot Spot
• Oceans
• Mountains

Question 8

name of process that created Hawaiian Islands?

Answer 8

Emperor Seamount Chain

Question 9

Name of cells responsible for continental drift?

Answer 9

convection cells (plates are driven by motion)

Question 10

Who discovered radioactive decay?

Answer 10

Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie

Question 11

What earthquake danger cased the most damage in San Francisco?

Answer 11

Fire

Question 12

3 factors that control viscosity. What if it’s greater or less?

Answer 12

Resistance

• Silica- high silica, high viscosity
• Temp- high temp, low viscosity
• Gas content- high gas, low viscosity

Question 13

Why do volcanic necks remain?

Answer 13

They are made up of hard rock, cement, and are resistant to weathering

Question 14

Process to find the epicenter?

Answer 14

triangulation

• 3 points
• look at same interval
• graph

Question 15

What is a half life?

Answer 15

the time it takes half of the parent material to decay into the daughter material

Question 16

Difference between magma and lava?

Answer 16

Magma is melted rock underground

Lava is melted rock above ground

Question 17

How much parent material is left if a half life has gone by?

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

What are the rules of relative dating?

Answer 18

-The one on top is youngest
-cross-cutting relationships
-inclusions
Dike- cooled magma (younger than rock)
Fault line- split in rock

Question 19

What is the age of the Earth?

Answer 19

4.5-4.6 billion years old

Question 20

Divergent vs. Convergent plate boundaries

Answer 20

D- seafloor center, 2 oceanic, new material is created
C- subduction zone, 1 oceanic & 1 continental, old material is destroyed
Oceanic goes under continental

Question 21

Name the 3 cones and their characteristics

Answer 21

• Shield cone- long low slopes, lava, tall
• Cinder cone- steep slopes, rock and ash, shortish
• Composite cone- a mix of shield and cinder, composite rock and lava ( most dangerous, most common in Ring of Fire)