Test 2

Question 1

short scale/high contrast

Answer 1

very black and white 40kvp

Question 2

long scale/low contrast

Answer 2

many shades of gray 110/120

Question 3

magnification factor =

Answer 3

SID/SOD

Question 4

direct square law formula

Answer 4

mas1/mas2=(d1)2/(d2)2

Question 5

inverse square law formula

Answer 5

I1/I2=(d2)2/(d1)2

Question 6

what are the factors affecting xray quantity?

Answer 6

1. mAs
2. kVp
3. distance
4. filtration

Question 7

xray quantity

Answer 7

the number of xrays in the useful beam

Question 8

mA=

Answer 8

quantity of xrays produced

Question 9

more mA =

Answer 9

darker the image

Question 10

the number of xrays produced is

Answer 10

directly proportional to the exposure time

Question 11

longer exposure time =

Answer 11

darker image

Question 12

shorter exposure time =

Answer 12

lighter image

Question 13

xray quality

Answer 13

the penetrating power of the xray beam

Question 14

xray quality =

Answer 14

kVp

Question 15

as kV increases,

Answer 15

the speed of electrons traveling from cathode to anode increases

Question 16

high kV =

Answer 16

more gray image and more penetrability

Question 17

low kV=

Answer 17

too dark of an image

“soft” xrays don’t penetrate as well

Question 18

reciprocity law

Answer 18

any combo of mAs and time will yield the exact amount of optical density
exposure = intensity * time

Question 19

optical density

Answer 19

the degree of blackening on a radiograph

Question 20

what determines you OD

Answer 20

mAs

Question 21

what is the reciprocity law used for

Answer 21

1. control motion
2. change focal spot
3. utilize breathing technique

Question 22

noise

Answer 22

the grainy or uneven appearance of an image caused by an insufficient number of primary xrays

Question 23

what is noise caused by?

Answer 23

1. film graininess
2. structure mottle
3. quantum mottle
4. scatter radiation

Question 24

quantum mottle

Answer 24

the random nature in which xrays interact with the IR

a result of uneven intensity

Question 25

quantum mottle decreases

Answer 25

recorded detail

Question 26

slower film using more xrays =

Answer 26

good resolution

Question 27

faster film using less xrays =

Answer 27

not as good resolution

Question 28

latitude

Answer 28

the margin of error in technical factors amount of leeway you have when taking an image higher the kV the more latitude

Question 29

what are the 3 geometric factors

Answer 29

1. magnification 2. distortion 3. focal spot blur

Question 30

magnification

Answer 30

increase in the object's image size compared with its true or actual size

Question 31

as OID increases

Answer 31

magnification increases

Question 32

as OID decreases

Answer 32

magnification decreases

Question 33

as SID increases

Answer 33

magnification decreases

Question 34

as SID decreases

Answer 34

magnification increases

Question 35

how to minimize magnification

Answer 35

use a large SID | use a small OID

Question 36

object size =

Answer 36

image size/MF | MF = magnification factor

Question 37

percent magnification

Answer 37

image size - object size divided by object size x 100

Question 38

shape distortion

Answer 38

the unequal magnification of different portions of the same object

Question 39

2 ways shape distortion appears

Answer 39

1. elongation | 2. foreshortening

Question 40

elongation

Answer 40

image of an object appears longer than the actual object

Question 41

what causes elongation?

Answer 41

the object is parallel and straight with the IR but the tube is angled or the tube and part are straight, but the IR is angled

Question 42

foreshortening

Answer 42

and image of an object that appears shorter than the object itself

Question 43

what causes foreshortening?

Answer 43

when the object or anatomical part is angled

Question 44

any structure that is not positioned at the CR will be

Answer 44

distorted because of the divergence of the beam

Question 45

the farther from the CR,

Answer 45

the greater the distortion

Question 46

spatial distortion

Answer 46

the misrepresentation in the image of the actual spatial relationships among objects