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Human Sexuality > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What happens in the excitement stage of sexual response? What happens to the vaginal entrance during excitement?

A

Erections in males and vaginal lubrication in females.

The vaginal entrance tightens due to the muscles covering the vestibular bulbs

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1
Q

What is vasocongestion?

A

An accumulation of blood vessels in a particular region. In the genitals, swelling results eg an erection

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2
Q

What are the second and third stages of the sexual response?

A

2nd: Orgasm - an intense sensation at the peak of sexual arousal
3rd: Resolution - the body returns to an unaroused state

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3
Q

Who theorised the triphasic model of sexual response, and what are the three stages?

A

Kaplan devised the triphasic model:

  1. Vasocongestion
  2. Muscular contractions
  3. Sexual desire
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4
Q

Who theorised the dual control model, and what is it?

A

John Bancroft

The model states that sexual responses are controlled by sexual excitation and sexual inhibition

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5
Q

What is retrograde ejaculation?

A

A condition that causes the ejaculate to go into the urinary bladder instead of out of the penis

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6
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

A set of structures in the interior of the brain. Includes amygdala, hippocampus and fornix. Important for sexual behaviour

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7
Q

What are pheromones?

A

Biochemicals the body secretes that are important in communication between animals. May serve as sex attractants.

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8
Q

What is auto eroticism?

A

Sexual self stimulation eg masturbation

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9
Q

What is tribadism?

A

Scissoring eg one women lies on top of the other and moves rythmically to produce clitoral stimulation

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10
Q

What is gender-segregated social organisation?

A

The genders are separate from each other. Males play with males and females play with females

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11
Q

What is sexualisation?

A

When a person is valued only for sex appeal or behaviour, sexually objectified or inappropriately propositioned.

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12
Q

Describe the difference of permissiveness with and without affection.

A

With affection: premarital sex is fine in a loving, committed relationship
Without affection: premarital sex is fine without emotional commitment

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13
Q

What is Peggy lee syndrome?

A

The feeling of disappointment experienced by teenage girls when first sex isn’t great

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14
Q

Define serial monogamy

A

When the intended faithfulness to a partner ends with the relationship, the person will move to another partner

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15
Q

What is extramarital sex?

A

Sexual activity between a married person and someone other than their spouse eg adultery

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16
Q

Explain the equity theory

A

When people feel as if they are in an unequal relationship (after calculating costs and benefits) they will seek to restore equality

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17
Q

Define polyamory

A

The ethical practice of loving multiple people simultaneously

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18
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

The tendency to like a person more if we have met them repeatedly

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19
Q

Define homophily

A

The tendency to associate with people with equal social status

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20
Q

What is the matching phenomenon?

A

People tend to choose people who match them in attitudes, intelligence and attractiveness

21
Q

Who theorised the two component theory of love? And what is it?

A

Berscheid and Walster’s theory states that both physiological arousal and attachment of the cognitive label “love” must exist simultaneously for passionate love to occur

22
Q

What is leveling?

A

Telling your partner what you are feeling by stating your thoughts clearly, simply and honestly

23
Q

Give 3 abortion statistics

A

1/3 of abortions occurred in 20-24 year old women
85% of women who abort aren’t married
51% were using birth control at time of conception

24
Q

Explain a vacuum aspiration

A

A cannula is inserted into the cervix and embryo is vacuumed out.
$350-700
10 minutes to complete

25
Q

Explain dilation and evacuation

A

Cannula used to partially remove embryo, remains removed with tools and uterine walls scraped
Not as safe as VA but still reliable

26
Q

Explain induced labor

A

Prostaglandin is used to trigger early labour, foetus is expelled.

Late second trimester and early third trimester

27
Q

What is a histerotomy?

A

The foetus is extracted surgically

Death rate: 0.052%

28
Q

Explain intact dilation and extraction

A

Banned in 2003, the head is collapsed with a needle and baby is extracted in the breach position

29
Q

What is mifepristone and it’s other name?

A

Other name: RU-486
Breaks down uterine wall so foetus detaches and dies. Two days later the woman takes prostaglandin to expel foetus from body

30
Q

What is methotrexate?

A

An pill or injection that kills rapidly dividing cells (embryo). Woman also takes prostaglandin 1-2 days later to expel foetus

31
Q

What are the pro-life side’s main arguments?

A
  • immoral, unethical
  • should be illegal
  • human life begins at conception therefore abortion is murder
32
Q

What are the pro-choice side’s main arguments?

A
  • woman’s right to control her body and what happens to it
  • human life does not begin at conception
  • there is no way to tell when human life really begins
33
Q

What are some physical effects of abortion?

A
  • during first trimester effects are minimal

- not linked to fertility unless multiple abortions occur

34
Q

What are some psychological effects of abortion?

A
  • stressful
  • relief is the main reported emotion
  • 10% of women experience depression, anxiety etc. same number as women in general
35
Q

What is the misattribution or arousal and how can it lead to sexual attraction?

A

Attributing general arousal to the company of a person in particular. This can cause chance arousal to turn into sexual attraction to an individual

36
Q

What are some principles to bear in mind when having sex?

A
  1. The brain is the sexiest part of the body
  2. You are responsible for your own sexual satisfaction
  3. Beware of the false consensus effect
  4. Beware the “should”
37
Q

What are the 6 main two-person sexual behaviours?

A
  1. Kissing
  2. Watching
  3. Touching
  4. Oral sex
  5. Anal sex
  6. Genital on genital sex
38
Q

Are children who are exposed to their parents having sex at risk of adverse consequences?

A

No. During the 18th and early 19th century, families often slept in one big bed and when the parents were H af they just went for it aye

39
Q

It is known that children and infants masturbate and display their genitals, is this sexuality different from adult sexuality?

A

It definitely is, these behaviours are mainly due to curiosity

40
Q

What are three rules for talking to children about sex?

A
  1. Talk early, often e.g labelling when it comes up
  2. Use teachable moments
  3. Use positive and negative aspects of sex e.g masturbation in private not public
41
Q

Are abstinence only programs effective?

A

No. These programs have no effect on abstinence rates, number of sexual partners and unprotected sex rates. The difference observed was a lack of sexual knowledge in students of these programs

42
Q

What are the three types of intersex a person can be?

A
  1. AIS
  2. CAH - congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  3. Klinefelter’s syndrome

1-2% of people are born as intersex

43
Q

Explain the AIS intersex characteristics

A

Person still has XY chromosome but has insensitive androgens and undescended testes

44
Q

Explain the CAH intersex characteristics

A

Genetic condition where adrenal glands don’t release enough corticosteroid. The adrenal gland will secret testosterone which is only problematic in girls

45
Q

Describe Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A 
XXY chromosome structure 
Low testosterone production 
Reduced muscle mass
Enlarged hips and breasts
Lack of facial hair 
Small testicles 
Lower fertility levels 
Tend to be bigger and taller than average
46
Q

What are some sexual facts about single living people?

A

The idea they have many sexual partners is untrue, between 18 and first marriage is 1-2 partners

47
Q

What are some facts about cohabitating people?

A

Satisfaction levels decline much more than married couples

People who cohabit before marriage are 50% more likely to divorce

48
Q

What are some divorce facts?

A

40-50% of marriages end in divorce
60-70% for 2nd and 3rd marriages
More common now because of reduced stigma, financial independence and unrealistic expectations

49
Q

What are the two types of extra-marital affairs?

A
  1. Consensual: both partners agree eg swingers

2. Non-consensual: sexual interactions outside the marriage without a spouse’s consent

Human Sexuality (2 decks)

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