Test #2 Flashcards
(129 cards)
Roots
-portion of the plant designed to absorb water and minerals
- Water uptake
- Mineral uptake
- Plant anchorage
- Food storage
- Vegetative propagation
Tap Root
- one central root, more common with dicots - grow deep, more energy in a main root
Fibrous roots
- numerous branches - protection against erosion - large surface area - common among monocots
Adventitous: structures arising from other than expected places
Ex. Brace roots, climbing roots, propagating roots
Stems
-axis of plant which develops from the epicotyl of the embryo or from a but
Support and display
- photosynthesis - storage - vegetative propagation
Node= the often enlarged portion of a stem from which buds and leaves arise
Internode=portion between two nodes
Bud
- dormant shoot meristem
- a unelongated stem with meristem for leaves, lateral buds, flowers or all of the above
Types of Buds
Terminal, Axillary, Adventitious
Terminal
at the apex, responsible for primary growth
Axillary
borne laterally at nodes in angle between leaf and stem
Adventitious
at sites other than nodes or stem apicles (aka sucker or watersprout
Tiller: shoot branch of a grass root, rises from the rhizome
Crown: bottom of the stem… top of the root
Stolon (runners): grows parallel to the ground- horizontal above ground stem
Monocots and dicots
Rhizome: horizontal below ground stem
Bulb
Swollen underground stem
-nodes- linear order
Leaves
- vegetative lateral outgrowth of stems typically specially adapted for photosynthesis
- primary organ of food synthesis allow evaporative cooling
- storage, vegetative propagation
- thorn, tendrils, traps
Leaf Types
Simple
Pinnate- Compound
Palmate- Compound
Two sets of modified leaf like structure
- petals (corolla)
- sepals (calyx)
A complete flower contains (P.S.P.S)
Incomplete Flowers -lack one of the four parts
- Pistil
- Stamen
- Petals
- Sepals
Plants with Imperfect flowers
Dioecious- staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants
Monoecious- staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant
Perfect flower= contains both stamen and pistil in the same unit- can be incomplete though
Imperfect flower= lacks either a stamen or pistil
Pistillate flower - only female structures
Staminate flower -only male structures
Pollination
transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
Self-pollination: pollen from anther to stigma of same flower or different flower of same plant
- Only one plant to make new generation
- No dependence on wind or pollinators
- Offspring are similarly adapted
Cross-pollination: pollen from anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant (same species)
- Allows new combinations of traits that can be better adapted
- Dioecious
Prevention of Self-fertilization
- Structural barrier
- Developmental barrier
- Genetic barrier
Insect vs Wind pollination
- Flower size (wind flowers tend to be small)
- Odor
- Pollen size
- Nectar production