Test 2

Question 1

Hyperkalemia causes what?

Answer 1

Muscle weakness and dangerous dysrhythmias

Question 2

Hypocalcemia causes what?

Answer 2

Increases neuromuscular excitability

Question 3

Hypercalcemia causes what?

Answer 3

Pathological fractures as ca moves from bones to blood

Question 4

Hypomagnesmia causes what?

Answer 4

Chronic alcoholism, Neuro muscular excitability muscle twitching, cramping

Question 5

Hypermagnesmia causes what?

Answer 5

Decreased neuromuscular excitability bradycardia, hypotension

Question 6

Hypochloremia/hyperchloremia associated with what?

Answer 6

Alkalosis and conditions that cause a loss of hydrochloride acid–always occurs with other imbalances and has no unique s/s

Question 7

D5W is what

Answer 7

Isotonic

Question 8

.9% NS is what

Answer 8

Isotonic

Question 9

Lactated ringers is what

Answer 9

Isotonic

Question 10

.45% NS is what

Answer 10

Hypotonic

Question 11

If a solution is isotonic what does that mean?

Answer 11

Stays in the vascular tree, ECV

Question 12

Is a solution is hypotonic what does that mean?

Answer 12

Water moves into the cells and out of ECV

Question 13

If a solution is hypertonic what does that mean?

Answer 13

Water moves out of the cell and into ECV, cell shrinks

Question 14

Active transport does what?

Answer 14

Moving from area of low concentration to high concentration, requires ATP

Question 15

What is diffusion?

Answer 15

Passive movement of electrolytes from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 16

Osmosis is what?

Answer 16

Moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration, equalizes the concentration of particles on each side of a cell membrane

Question 17

What is the normal pH range?

Answer 17

7.35-7.45

Question 18

What is normal range for PaCO2

Answer 18

35-45

Question 19

What is normal range for PaO2?

Answer 19

80-100

Question 20

What does a PaO2 less than 60 cause?

Answer 20

Leads to anaerobic metabolism causing lactic acid production and metabolic acidosis

Question 21

Hyperventilation causes what to happen?

Answer 21

PaO2 below 35, more CO2 exhaled causing alkalosis

Question 22

Hypoventilation produces PaO2 above 45 as rate and respiration decrease less CO2 is exhaled cells make more and it rises

Answer 22

CHF

Question 23

Hypoxemia can cause what

Answer 23

Hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis

Question 24

Normal range of bicarbonate is what

Answer 24

22 to 26

Question 25

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 25

Increased PaO2 and increased H+ concentration-meaning low pH Hypo ventilation causes this and causes cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells to become acidic and decreasing level of conciousness

Question 26

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 26

Decreased PaO2 and increased pH that reflect deficit of carbonic acid in blood Hyperventilation produces this which causes cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells to become akalotic decreasing the level of conciousness

Question 27

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

Increase in metabolic acids or decreased bicarbonate, Diabetic ketoacidosis causes

Question 28

Metabolic alkalosis results from?

Answer 28

Gain of bicarbonate, common causes are vomiting and gastric suction

Question 29

What is an autologous transfusion?

Answer 29

Patients own blood

Question 30

What is an allogenic transfusion?

Answer 30

Someone else's blood

Question 31

Normal Na+ range

Answer 31

135-145

Question 32

Normal K+ range?

Answer 32

3.5-5

Question 33

Normal Ca range?

Answer 33

Xx

Question 34

PQRSTU

Answer 34

Palliative and provocative-what makes pain better or worse? Quality-Describe your pain Relief-What do you take at home to relieve pain? Region-show me where you hurt Severity-how bad is your pain? 0 to 10 scale Timing-is pain constant, intermittent or both? U-effect on patient-what are you not able to do because of pain?

Question 35

Where is major sleep center?

Answer 35

Hypothalamus in CNS

Question 36

When does REM SLEEP occur?

Answer 36

At end of each 90 min cycle, causes increased brain activity and muscle Antonia

Question 37

Stage 1 wound

Answer 37

Intact skin with non-blanch able redness

Question 38

Stage II wound

Answer 38

Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both

Question 39

Stage III wound

Answer 39

Full thickness tissue loss with visible fat

Question 40

Stage IV

Answer 40

Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone muscle or tendon

Question 41

What is primary intention

Answer 41

Suture line

Question 42

What is dehiscence

Answer 42

Separation of wound on top of fascia

Question 43

Evisceration

Answer 43

Separation below the fascia and visceral organs protrude

Question 44

Hyperkalemia causes what?

Answer 44

Produces muscle weakness and if severe dysrhythmias