Test 2

Question 1

Does research indicates that men with Type A personalities have the same rate of heart and coronary disease as men with Type B personalities.

Answer 1

No

Question 2

The term for physical declines brought about by environmental factors of an individual’s behavioral choices is _________.

Answer 2

secondary aging

Question 3

Are all stress-related events are unpleasant.

Answer 3

No

Question 4

When a person has some deficiency in his/her diet, this is called _______.

Answer 4

undernutrition

Question 5

George is experiencing back pain. His doctor tells him the bones attached to his spinal column have become less dense. The doctor is referring to the ___________.

Answer 5

settling process

Question 6

What is the term for an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives?

Answer 6

bulimia

Question 7

When the production of the protein beta amyloid precursor protein, which normally produces neurons, goes awry and produces clumps of cells that trigger inflammation and deterioration of nerve cells, this is called __________.

Answer 7

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 8

Does perimenopause describes the period after menopause when hormone levels become stable once again?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet is called __________.

Answer 9

osteoporosis

Question 10

Is family history of cancer considered an environmental and behavioral factor related to cancer?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

True or False: By age 40, about 50 % of men have enlarged prostates.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Can some stress can be positively handled through exercise and/or meditation?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Do men or women seem to be more prone to a decline in height due to the risk of osteoporosis?

Answer 13

women

Question 14

Is thinking that smoking cigarettes is safer than using illicit drugs a reason why adolescents become addicted to smoking?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Mita is 21 years old. She has two jobs and is attending a local college. However, due to her hectic schedule, she is experiencing several stressors that are contributing to physical ailments. Mita does not want to take medication for her stress. The therapist at the college informs her to try to increase contact with friends as a means of decreasing her stress. This is referred to as ________.

Answer 15

social support

Question 16

What is the term that Piaget used for the process in which one state is changed into another?

Answer 16

transformation

Question 17

Does adolescents’ ability to reason using formal operations also cause a change in their everyday behavior(s)?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

True or False: There are no disputes or disagreements with Piaget’s theories. Everybody agrees with everything he has proposed.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage of development around age _________.

Answer 19

12

Question 20

According to Piaget, what is the key aspect of preoperational stage?

Answer 20

symbolic function

Question 21

What is the term for an organized pattern of functioning that adapts and changes with mental development?

Answer 21

scheme

Question 22

True or False: Schaie’s perspective on cognitive development supports the notion that cognitive change stops at adolescence.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Piaget’s Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions occurs for infants in the age range of _________.

Answer 23

8 to 12 months

Question 24

Piaget believed that the earliest schemes are limited to ________ that we have when we are born.

Answer 24

reflexes

Question 25

According to Schaie, the stage in which people in middle adulthood may become involved in town government, service clubs, charitable groups, unions and organizations, where they have a larger purpose in society and can look beyond their individual/family situations, is called the ________.

Answer 25

executive stage

Question 26

According to Schaie, what is the mission of people in late adulthood?

Answer 26

reintegration

Question 27

True or False: Research indicates that people who live in unsophisticated, non-technologically based cultures are incapable of attaining the formal operational stage of thinking, as described by Piaget.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

"Piaget observed his son Laurent dropping a toy swan repeatedly, varying the position from which he dropped it, [and] carefully observing each time to see where it fell." This is an example of _________.

Answer 28

Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions

Question 29

Four-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex's mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, "A bird." Considering Piaget's work, Alex is demonstrating an example of ___________.

Answer 29

assimilation

Question 30

True or False: According to Lebouvie-Vief, the complexity of society requires specialization of thought. Therefore, thought is not necessarily based on only logic but also requires intellectual superiority.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

When information in memory is rehearsed and stored on a relatively permanent basis, it is called _________.

Answer 31

long-term memory

Question 32

Students who were tutored in _______ showed improved reading proficiency and increased activity in brain areas related to skilled reading.

Answer 32

phonics

Question 33

Larry was daydreaming the day that his first-grade teacher reviewed the math lesson that 5 + 5 = 10. Later, Larry was not able to recall this information, probably because ________.

Answer 33

he never encoded it

Question 34

When a middle school student is able to demonstrate the he/she is able to hear a string of digits (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and then repeat the string in reverse order, the child is indicating that he/she is developing _________.

Answer 34

short-term memory

Question 35

What is the term for the model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information?

Answer 35

information processing approach

Question 36

True or False: Behavior is considered a basic aspect of information processing

Answer 36

False

Question 37

The choices people make are determined by ______________, information processing involving the ability to strategically choose among and sort out different stimuli in the environment.

Answer 37

attention

Question 38

Infantile amnesia is defined as the lack of memory for experience that occurred prior to _________.

Answer 38

3 years of age

Question 39

Do the properties that make a stimulus attention-getting change drastically throughout the lifespan?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

With age, children become better at ignoring ________________ stimuli.

Answer 40

irrelevant

Question 41

What term refers to the maintenance of material saved in memory?

Answer 41

storage

Question 42

One way to question children to produce the most accurate recollections is to ___________.

Answer 42

question them as soon as possible after an incident.

Question 43

Is sequential memory one of the three sequential components of memory?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

Rasheed is memorizing his math times tables by using flash cards. He does this frequently enough that eventually he does not need the visual stimulation of the cards to remember his times tables for a test. Rasheed is then taking advantage of _________.

Answer 44

long-term memory

Question 45

When information in memory is held for 15 to 25 seconds, it is called __________.

Answer 45

short-term memory

Question 46

When a young child begins to learn how to take turns in conversation, stay on topic, and give appropriate responses such as "please" and "thank you," is the child demonstrating the knowledge of pragmatics?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

Babbling is universal to all infants. While infants are babbling, do they spontaneously produce most of the sounds found in the language they hear people speak?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

Which of Chomsky's concepts relates to how the human brain is uniquely and genetically predisposed to comprehend and produce language?

Answer 48

language acquisition device

Question 49

By the age of two, most children can use two-word sentences and __________ speech where non-critical words of a sentence are left out.

Answer 49

telegraphic

Question 50

When middle-school-age children become more competent with the rules governing the use of language to communicate in a given social setting, they are demonstrating knowledge of __________.

Answer 50

pragmatics

Question 51

The concept that all of the world's languages share a similar underlying structure was created by ________ and is called ________

Answer 51

Chomsky; universal grammar

Question 52

What is the term for instances in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter?

Answer 52

fast mapping

Question 53

Does linguistic production will always precede linguistic comprehension or does linguistic comprehension come first?

Answer 53

comprehension comes first

Question 54

At approximately 3 years old can a child can follow the principles of grammar most of the time?

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

The ___________________ shape their first words, regardless of the language they speak.

Answer 55

experiences children have

Question 56

Can metalinguistic awareness helps children master comprehension when information is not clear?

Answer 56

yes

Question 57

___________refers to the process in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter.

Answer 57

fast mapping

Question 58

Which theory of language acquisition combines several schools of thought to hypothesize that language development is produced through a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental circumstances that help teach language?

Answer 58

interactionist perspective

Question 59

What is the term for the smallest language unit that has meaning?

Answer 59

morpheme

Question 60

What term refers to the way in which an individual combines words and phrases to form sentences?

Answer 60

syntax

Question 61

What are 4 types of events likely to cause stress?

Answer 61

(1) events that evoke negative emotions; (2) are uncontrollable and unpredictable; (3), are ambiguous or confusing; (4) create strain on a person's capabilities

Question 62

What are 4 direct physiological effects of stress?

Answer 62

(1) elevated blood pressure; (2) decrease in immune system functioning; (3) increased hormonal activity; (4) psychophysiological conditions

Question 63

What are 4 harmful behaviors that may be consequences of stress?

Answer 63

(1) increased use of nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs; (2) decreased nutrition; (3) decreased sleep; (4) increased drug use

Question 64

What are 3 indirect health-related behaviors that may be consequences of stress?

Answer 64

(1) decreased compliance with medical advice; (2) increase in delays in seeking medical care; (3) decrease in likelihood of seeking medical advice

Question 65

Name 6 stress coping approaches

Answer 65

(1) emotional insulation (2) problem-focused coping (3) emotion-focused coping (4) social-support coping (5) defensive coping (6) unconscious strategies

Question 66

Definition of malnutrition

Answer 66

Improper amount and balance of nutrients, produces several results

Question 67

Definition of obesity

Answer 67

weight greater than 20% for given height

Question 68

What percent of children are obese?

Answer 68

15%

Question 69

What percent of adolescents are obese?

Answer 69

5%

Question 70

What percent of adolescents are overweight?

Answer 70

20%

Question 71

What percent of adults are obese?

Answer 71

20-30%

Question 72

True or False: A clear link between overweight babies and overweight adults has been found

Answer 72

False

Question 73

Name 3 conditions obesity can lead to

Answer 73

(1) heart disease; (2) type 2 diabetes; (3) certain types of cancer

Question 74

True or False: Weight gains in infancy are associated with weight gains at age 6.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

What is the most common nutritional concern in adolescence and adulthood?

Answer 75

obesity